The Quran contains almost braches of knowledge and courses or fields of studies. It also covers every aspects of life. Obviously, it is stated in the Quran that there are three different types of admission to it. The three types of human beings to comprise; the believers who believe in all its contents, the infidels who absolutely in rejecting and denying the truth and opposing the Quran and its message, as well as the hypocrites who use the Quran and twist it to suit and justify their fraud. The need to understand the essence of each group according to the perspective of the Quran is very important. Hence, the study of the unbelievers is done to understand the true nature of this group. This study attempts to extract the pattern of extraction for the Ba?ar word for unbelieving people which involves the entire verse in the Quran. This research is a qualitative study using summative content analysis method. Findings show that, the Ba?ar sentence for the human category does not tell us about; (i) the attributes of this group, (ii) the factors that cause the rejection of the Quran, and (iii) the rewards that Allah has provided and reserved for this group in the world or the hereafter.

This paper describes a finite element analysis for reinforced concrete beams of multi-boundary conditions end repaired by CFRP and fc85 section tested under pure torsion, classified according boundary conditions in two types cantilever and simply supported beams every type include 13 beams divided according repaired to three groups and control beam. The variables considered for group one and two included the beam faces number that will be strengthened, the effect of CFRP Strips numbers while the third group included repaired by fc85. The results of the repaired test beams revealed that the technique of used thefc85very effective in simply supported beam more than cantilever beam by about 97.5% while used repaired by CFRP more than in cantilever. The torque resistance increased in all beams which repaired by 550.65%, 137% in cantilever beams and 11.78%, 139% in simply supported beams for CFRP and fc85respectively, while the max twist decreased in all beams by 69.46%, 79.5% in cantilever beams and 26.5%, 62.19%in simply supported beams for CFRP and fc85respectively

We investigate thermoelastic stresses in titanium dioxide films on a sapphire substrate that arise during thermal annealing. The effect of thermal processes on thermoelastic stresses in titanium dioxide films has been studied experimentally. The obtained experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations of mechanical stresses in a titanium dioxide film.

Madura is one of the island that has a huge material potential. However, this island still use material from Java for road infrastructure development. Road pavement is needed to be as an infrastructure for social relationships, economic and culture. PT. Hanil Jaya Steel as the steel smelting factory is the one of industrial company around Surabaya that produce slag waste, the use of slag waste for minimalize buildup that brings negative effect in environment. Thus, this research is implemented the use slag steel waste as a replacement of Madura gravel, the gravel and sand will be taken from Bangkalan. This study aimed to investigate the gravel’s influence of Bangkalan and slag characteristic on asphalt concrete mixture. Experimental method is conducted in this study by using the experiment to obtain the result, hence, the use of slag steel gravel on asphalt concrete construction can be various with slag levels; 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. SNI procedure will be followed while checking Madura’s aggregate, slag aggregate and the asphalt. The result of examination and analysis of asphalt concrete mixture characteristic using the variation level of slag steel gravel is shown performance improvement of asphalt concrete mixture. The stability result of asphalt level shows 6 % as the highest score, 5 % asphalt level of durability as the highest score, 5.5 % asphalt level of Marshall Quotient as the highest score. By using 40mm thickness and ± 3 mm tolerance as the footing layer.

Aging is one of the real issues service life of pavement. The change after a period of time service life and when exposed to the this study local materials including asphalt cement, Portland cement and silica fume were used as mineral filler. Two types of specimens were prepared and tested mineral filler and the second fume as mineral filler. The optimum asphalt content of mixture to Marshall Design method. Optimum asphalt c specimens that contain 100 % Portland cement as mineral filler and it was 5.1 % for specimens that contain 50 % Portland cement and 50 % silica fume as mineral filler Fifty one (51) of asphalt concrete specimens (Marshall Spe For the purpose of studying the effect of short term aging, part of specimens was placed in the oven and subjected it to a temperature of 135 ºC for (2 and 4 hr), while for the long term aging, another part of specimens was placed in subjected it to a temperature of 85 ºC for 72 hr (3 days) and 120 hr (5 days) according to AASHTO R30. The results of Marshall Test showed that the stability was increased by 13.63%, 27.27%, 51, 81 and 63.63% after after L.T.A(3 and 5) days, respectively. Flow and 4) hr and after L.T.A ( respectively. Also, the results showed that the air voids in total mixture were after short and long term aging. Generally, the results showed that the use of 50% silica fume as a mineral filler with 50 %Portland cement leads to of aging on properties of Marshall by different percentages

This research introduces a new simple, efficient, and practical procedure to design the reinforced concrete (RC) circular slabs which have large diameters. The principal idea of this paper concerns to use the isotropic perpendicular RC straight joists to resist the external load. The yield-line theory was adapted to analysis the circular waffle slabs. The steps of design were according to the ACI Code provisions. Fixed and simply supported circular slabs were presented. Closed form equations have been driven by author for the purposes of analysis and design this type of slabs by the present procedure. Uniformly distributed load was considered, that represent almost practical cases. Useful illustration example is presented in this study according to the available materials in Iraq to facilitate the job of designers. The good performance of RC circular slab which design by the present procedure proved clearly the efficiency of this technique

Sewer systems are used to convey sewage and/or storm water to sewage treatment plants for disposal by a network of buried sewer pipes, gutters, manholes and pits. Unfortunately, the sewer pipe deteriorates with time leading to the collapsing of the pipe with traffic disruption or clogging of the pipe causing flooding and environmental pollution. Thus, the management and maintenance of the buried pipes are important tasks that require information about the changes of the current and future sewer pipes conditions. In this research, the study was carried on in Baghdad, Iraq and two deteriorations models multinomial logistic regression and neural network deterioration model NNDM are used to predict sewers future conditions. The results of the deterioration models application showed that NNDM gave the highest overall prediction efficiency of 93.6% by adapting the confusion matrix test, while multinomial logistic regression was inconsistent with the data. The error in prediction of related model was due to its inability to reflect the dependent variable (condition classes) ordered nature

The research aims to use waste materials in concrete to decrease cost of concrete since that waste materials in Iraq is highly available. Waste marble is very good example to use it in concrete as coarse aggregate and excellent material to produce very good quality concrete. This research study the using of waste marble as coarse aggregate and using steel pins as a low cost local steel fibers as percentages of total volume in concrete and study the effect on mechanical properties of concrete. Using marble aggregates in concrete increase the compressive, tensile and flexural strength of concrete comparing with ordinary aggregate concrete. Ordinary reference mix concrete with 1:1.1:2.2 gives about 50.89 MPa, while using marble aggregate with same mix proportions gives 57.07 MPa, thus, that gives low cost for production of concrete because 60%to 70% of the volume of concrete is aggregates . The effect of steel pins as it used in marble aggregate concrete is also very good , using 0 %, 0.1% ,0.2% , 0.3%, to 1% of steel pins in mixes. The compressive increase by adding steel pins from 57 to 72.14 MPa. Flexural strength had very significant increment when adding fibers and it rise from 3.9 to 8.6 MPa.

This project aims at a comparative study on Performance, Emission and Combustion characteristics of Biodiesel when blended with Barium Oxide nanoparticles in single cylinder DI Diesel Engine. Because of modernizations and increase in number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel has massively increased. As petroleum is non-renewable major source of energy and its reserves are scare now a days, there is a need for research in finding alternative fuels for automobiles. And also Bio diesels are renewable, nontoxic and eco-friendly fuels that can play an important role in automobile industries. And this paper deals with the transesterification of biological seed oil by means of methanol in presence potassium hydroxide catalyst. The viscosity of biodiesel produced from biological seed oil is nearer to that of the commercially available diesel. The biological seed oil is analyzed by Gas chromatography and the important properties of biodiesel such as density, flash point, cloud point, carbon residue are found out and compared with that of ASTM – biodiesel standards and commercially available diesel. The study encourages the production of biodiesel from easily available biological seed. By increasing performance of engine, control the emissions and also to suppress the formation of soot particles..

Substitution of cantrang fishing gear with other gears might give bad impact to the stability of the ship. But, catamaran boat type can improve the intended stability characteristics. The study was conducted using six variations of the catamaran hullform, namely symmetrical hull, asymmetrical straight inside hull, asymmetrical straight outside hull, which is each model has round bilge and hard chine variation. The study aims to find the lowest total resistance value. The hullform with lowest total resistance will be re-varied to 3(three) different types of fishing gear, namely cantrang, purse seine, and bottom longline for stability analysis. The result shows that the round bilge symmetrical hull type has smallest resistance with value of Rt is 8.81 kN at 8 knots. Based on IMO MSC.36(63), the result of stability analysis shows all variations of fishing gear meet the established standard.

An enterprise for successful competition on the market needs to carry out detailed monitoring of the companys activities in strategic focus, increase the efficiency and effectiveness of management decisions, control the most important financial and nonfinancial performance indicators (KPIs) that are targeted for the company, and whose degree of achievement determines the movement of the enterprise according to a given strategy. . The values of KPI reflect both the business performance in general and the business processes that are considered separately, structural units and human resources. The article proposed matrix method of optimizing the portfolio of products to determine the main KPI. Also, on illustrative practical examples authors suggest Strategic map (fragment) and KPIs matrices of the key employees of a company

Every building is a manifestation of the era in which it was constructed and has a history of its own. Established during the British Rule as a Survey School, the National Institute of Technology Patna is the 6th oldest technical institute in India. Its administrative building, designed by W.C. Wright in Indo-Saracenic revival architecture is over a century old, and is one of the finest and rare examples of the style in Patna. Hence, this historical monument is worthy of a detailed architectural study. The objective of this paper is to review the salient features of the architectural and structural elements of this building though a detailed study

This study presents a laboratory experiments for evaluating the local scour depth around S-shape solid non- submerged groynes using different number of these groynes and also different distances between them as two countermeasures to reduce the scour. The study was conducted in non- curved laboratory flume where uniform cohesion-less sand of median size (d50) equal to (0.7 mm) was used as the bed material. The physical hydraulic model of the groynes was made of polystyrene foam with fixed dimensions to operate under steady subcritical flow and clear water conditions. The studied parameters in this study were the number of groynes changed three times (single, double, triple), the distances between them altered also three times (1L, 1.5 L, 2L) and finally the hydraulic conditions (depth and velocity of the mean flow) also changed four times for each parameter. A new empirical equation was derived where its coefficient of determination indicates good agreement between the predicted results and the observed ones experimentally

Education has been considered as an important tool for all sorts of issues. This paper intends to study the relationship between educational level, PMJDY awareness and financial inclusion in the district of Puri, Odisha. Data were collected with the help of a survey technique from 348 respondents in both rural and urban areas of Puri district. Multistage purposive sampling method was used. Descriptive statistics of the data collected reveals that financial awareness/ financial inclusion increases with education level. It is seen that respondents with primary education and below secondary education have more financial inclusion and PMJDY awareness due to the reason that most of the respondents belong to that category. It is also evident that households with graduation and above are also more likely to be financially aware and financially included. However, to have a complete understanding of the inter district position of Odisha there is a need for subsequent study.

The practice of venture management has recorded success in the United States of America and India. This brought about the turn-around of businesses, both prospect and existing formal business operators in these nations. In the case of Nigeria, banks and other financial institutions have ended up providing advice to successful firms to acquire business organisation in distress and at times are the leaders in that particular industry, thus bringing about unemployment. It is of a note that entrepreneurs are the drivers of a nation’s economy irrespective of government practices. It is based on this premises that the relevance of transition from informal to formal entrepreneurship practices must occur for the existence of economic growth. To bridge this gap in literature, a comparative study on venture management practices and expected performance for practicing entrepreneurs in the informal and formal sector is required

Al-Mg-Si alloy is most preferred material by scientists and engineers for seeking wide range of industrial applications as its strength can be easily enhanced by cold working, grain size refining, precipitation hardening and dispersion hardening. Demand for the use of Al-Mg-Si alloy is growing rapidly because it has unique combination of properties, which make it as one of the most versatile engineering materials. In the present study, attempt has been made for systematic investigation on to know the implication of age hardening parameters like, Solutionizing Time, Aging Temperature and Ageing Time on tensile strength of Al-Mg-Si alloy using Taguchi’s Design of Experiments. A linear regression model is used to predict the response. The derived results indicate that, the aging temperature and time has imperative impact on the response whereas, solutionizing time does not have a significant effect. For a definite group of parameters, the Ultimate Tensile Strength enhanced from 154 to 210 MPa, leading to an improvement by nearly 40%.

A wet locust bean seeds (Parkia biglobosa) dehulling and washing machine was developed to reduce drudgery attached to traditional dehulling of the seeds which are processed for use as condiment and flavours’ for food in many African countries. The machine consisted of dehulling and washing units, the dehulling mechanism obtains its drive from a 0.38 kW gear motor of 30 - 50 rpm. The dehulling shaft; has rods arranged concentrically to break seed coat and radial fan - like blades used as stirrer. The dehuller cum washer was evaluated based on boiling time of the seeds on an electric cooker. The result indicated that efficiency of the machine increased linearly with increase in boiling time. The throughput capacity decreased with increase in boiling time and moisture content decreased with increase in boiling time from the sixth hour. Dehulling efficiency ranged from 59.7 to 68 %, and cleaning efficiency ranged from 83.4 to 87.4 % while average throughput capacity was 108 kg/hr

Outdoor advertising billboards, especially the off-premise, stand-alone types, are common sights along major thoroughfares in Nigerian cities such as Lagos. They are attached to real estate, and in most cases, are meant to be permanent structures. They are developed to provide display spaces for advertisement in exchange for rent, and thus, they are income producing assets. Their valuation is therefore imperative for different purposes such as sale/purchase, compensation, insurance, lending and accounting. This study examined the involvement of estate surveyors and valuers in the valuation of this outdoor advertising asset in Lagos. By employing the purposive sampling method, managers of 34 out of 85 outdoor advertising companies and 147 out of 366 estate surveying and valuation firms in Lagos were sampled through the use of close-ended questionnaires. The 29 questionnaires retrieved from the outdoor advertising companies and the 127 retrieved from the estate surveying and valuation firms were analysed using descriptive statistical tools. The study revealed that the involvement of estate surveyors and valuers in the valuation of billboards in Lagos, Nigeria was modest as only 146 cases out of 280 activities requiring valuation (52.1%) between 2012 and 2017 were valuations carried out by estate surveyors and valuers. Other unprofessional basis were resorted to in determining values of billboards. Also, activities such as sale/purchase of billboards and, compensation for billboards compulsorily acquired, requiring valuations, were seldom carried out thereby restraining the involvement of valuers. Outdoor advertising companies should embrace the use of estate surveyors and valuers more in all their activities requiring valuation as this is the only way to achieve transparency, accountability and compliance with regulations. Firms of Estate Surveyors and valuers too should prospect more for valuation from all stakeholders to expand their areas of operation, build capacity and create employment for up-coming estate valuers in Nigeria

This paper deals with the effect of using recycled concrete aggregate as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete, on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete corbels. From the previous researches, there is no studies deals with the effect of using this type of aggregate on the structural behavior of corbels, and also the use of RCA has an economical and environmental benefits Three replacement ratios were considered 25%, 50% and 75%. All mixes (with and without RCA) have almost same compressive strength at age of 28days which is equal to (35MPa) with a tolerance of (±3MPa).For this purpose, an eleven reinforced concrete corbels were cast and divided in to three groups (A, Band C). Each group deals with specific problem. Different parameters which effect the behavior of corbels were studied and include replacement ratios of natural coarse aggregate by recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), amount of horizontal reinforcement (Ah) and amount of main tension reinforcement (Asmain). In order to get same compressive strength of concrete mixes made with natural and with recycled concrete aggregates, the quantity of cement was increased by (1.25%, 3.75% and 10%) for mixes containing (25%, 50% and 75%) recycled concrete aggregate respectively compared with SCC made with natural coarse aggregate. The experimental results of corbels show that the ultimate load capacity of corbels in group Atested with a/d of 0.34 and made from SCC with (25%, 50 and 75%) RCA was decreased by (2.22%, 7.4%, and 12.34%) respectively compared with corbel made from SCC without RCA. While in group B, all corbels casted with 50%RCA and have the same main tension reinforcement, a/d=0.34, corbel dimensions and concrete compressive strength and the only difference was in the amount of horizontal reinforcement. The results showed that when the amount of horizontal reinforcement (stirrups) was increased from zero to 2Ø6mm, the ultimate load increased by (15.55%). While when the horizontal reinforcement was increased from 2Ø6mm to 3Ø6mm the ultimate load increased by 50%. Also the ultimate load was increased by 76.22% when the amount of horizontal reinforcement increased from zero to 4Ø6mm. In group C, all corbels were casted with50% RCA and tested under a/d=0.6. All corbels having the same geometry, horizontal reinforcement and a/d ratio and the only difference was in the main tension reinforcement. From the results it was noted that the increase in main tension reinforcement from 2Ø10mm to 3Ø12mm causes an increase in ultimate load by about 19.04%. When the main tension reinforcement was increased from 2Ø10mm to 2Ø16mm, the ultimate load was increased by 22.61%. There for it can be concluded that the recycled concrete aggregate can be used as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate to produce self-compacting concrete mixes and the behavior of corbels cast with SCC containing RCA is acceptable

The aim of this research is to understand the consumer behavior, attitude and usage purposes of organic products in their daily life. The researcher was adopted survey method to collect responses from 100 organic product consumers residing in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu. The empirical results indicate that nine dimensions of usage purposes of organic products were explored and the entire organic product consumers covered in this survey are significantly classified into two groups such as, high users and moderate users based on their attitude towards organic products consumption. To conclude, consumers are advised to use more organic products due to health concern, and environmental concern.

The implementation of the Russian Federation state policy covering the national, regional and local levels, is designed for socio-economic impact through state programs of the Russian Federation. The message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of March 1, 2018 states that the development of Russia and long-term growth can provide priority projects “in spatial development, investments in infrastructure, education, health care and the environment, new technologies and science, economic support measures, promotion of talents, youth”, as part of government programs aimed at financial support of a new quality of life and innovative development, modernization of the economy. Achievement of the set strategic targets is possible due to the increase in the effectiveness of public spending by adopting organizational, financial and methodical measures to improve the system of financing state programs, including by encouraging the attraction of private investment in government projects.

Determining watershed priorities is one of the critical aspects of developing natural resources around us. Morphometry is one of the natural parameters that form the characteristics of a river catchment area and could be used for determining it. Morphometry has three parameters such as linear aspect, relief aspect, and areal aspect. The linear aspects consist of stream order (U), stream length (Lu), bifurcation ratio (Rb), mean stream length (Lsm), stream length ratio (Rl), mean bifurcation ratio (Rbm). Relief aspect consists of basin relief (Bh), relief ratio (Rh), ruggedness number (Rn). Areal aspects comprise drainage density (Dd), stream frequency (Fs), texture ratio (T), form factor (Rf), circularity ratio (Rc), elongation ratio (Re), length of overland flow (Lg), constant channel maintenance (C The purpose of this research is to analyze morphometry parameters of Serayu Bogowonto river basin of the sub-watershed priority determining. This study aims to calculate and analyze characteristics of the sub-watershed of Serayu Bogowonto river basin based on morphometry parameters using GIS and analysis for the watershed priority. The data utilized in this study is the river network data published by Bakosurtanal, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 30x30 ASTER GDEM then data analysis is using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique with ARC GIS 10.1 The prioritization based on morphometry analysis that is seven sub-watershed with high priority, four sub-watershed with medium priority, six sub-watershed with low priority.

The authors provide a theoretical description of the system and propose a method for calculating the optimal directions of innovation management, which allows us to give a comprehensive assessment of the adopted innovative solutions and indicate the reasons hindering effective innovation activity. This research examines energy-entropic methods for evaluating the efficiency of production and management, as an effective method of managing innovation, mainly by optimizing the use of energy consumed based on the achievements of science and technology. The proposed entropic assessment of the state of the parameters of the production system provides the possibility of assessing the change in the state of these parameters by a single relative indicator and the synthesis of these estimates into a single economic image of the current production situation.

The article considers an alternative replacement of oil fuel for pyrolysis gas and biogas, obtained from household and industrial waste in the Republic of Burundi. Studies have been carried out concerning pyrolysis processing of both peat and solid agricultural waste from rice, sorghum, peas, beans, corn, as well as studies of the biogas production process from liquid waste from the palm-oil production mini-plant Kirekura-Muzazi in Bujumbura. Characteristics of liquid wastewaters from the Kirekura-Muzazi mini-plant were studied, physical and chemical parameters (pH, Alkalinity, DCO, DBO5, MES, MVS, total nitrogen, DCO/N, dry matter concentration, and humidity) were obtained. The composition of biogas produced from a mixture of liquid waste from a plant for palm oil production, waste slaughterhouse, cow manure and pig manure is given. Also the authors considered the possibility of reconstructing the diesel-electric generating unit of the industrial group “Regideso” for biomethane with replacement of diesel fuel, which will increase the service life of the engine, save diesel fuel, create sources of dual fuel, and improve the operation of the gas-diesel unit without buying special spare parts. Directions have been proposed to solve the problem of the shortage of primary energy sources in the Republic of Burundi, and recycling of city and industrial wastes will also solve environmental problems.

The composites are fabricated by reinforcement of various fibre composition of short natural fibre into polylactic acid (PLA) by compression moulding. Untreated pineapple (UPAL) and treated pineapple (TPAL) fibres are used as reinforcement material to prepare composites of 10%, 15% and 20% fibre loadings. Tensile, impact, flexural and morphological characteristics conducted on different fibre loaded UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites. Tensile strength has increased to 40.78% and 44.33% for 10% fibre loaded UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites respectively. A similar increase in tensile modulus of 20.8% and 11.47% for 20% fibre loaded UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites respectively. The significant increase is noted for the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites. Impact strength increases with increase in fibre loading. Ductile fracture is noticed in UPAL/PLA composites, while brittle fracture is inferred in TPAL/PLA composites from the SEM images.

The advancement of technology, information, and communication is so sophisticated, and rapidly in line with the development of the present era that has transformed humans towards a faster life so that in almost the same time or a few seconds difference the information is acceptable and recognize to the public. This technology for a Muslim can assist in the search for the halal of a product that can eliminate consumer anxieties for a product. In order to obtain halal food that is needed by every Muslim to avoid illicit food, individuals can access every individual in maintaining cleanliness and halalness of a type of halal food on the MUI https://median.or.id website if the product gets halal certification from the Medan City MUI, or the Central MUI and others through a website that becomes a halal Institution in a particular country. Halal food if it contains three things, such as halal substances, how to obtain, and process it. About this paper the author only discusses the halalness of a product from its processing which it is feared can be mixed with substances that are unclean, for this reason, it is necessary to use the technology of communication in obtaining information on these needs.

In general, urban accessibility shows the ease of reaching destinations and the interaction between the land-use and transportation systems. Integrating transport and land-use mix is one of the goals of planning policies around the world. In this paper, an attempt is made to assess the urban accessibility through commuters travel behavior for shopping trip only. The effects of trip characteristics like trip length, trip time and trip cost and socio-economic characteristics like gender, age, income, occupation and vehicle ownership on travel behavior and mode choice are studied for shopping trips for different mixed land use zones (wards) of Vadodara city. Urban accessibility Index is prepared for different neighborhoods. It is found that the change in the land-use mix affects the commuters travel behaviour and mode choice selection.

Recycling of waste materials produced from the construction and demolition activities is becoming a demand for modern societies willing to achieve environmental sustainability. To date, the use of crushed concrete aggregate (CCA) in replacement of natural coarse aggregate to produce high quality concrete is very limited. This can be attributed to the missing information on the properties of the original concrete before crushing, the limited data that clarifies the influence of using CCA on the material properties of the concrete mixture as well as the overall structural behavior of the reinforced concrete element in which it is used. An experimental testing program has been conducted on reinforced concrete beams to assess the influence of CCA replacement ratio on their structural performance and the results have been briefly discussed in this paper. The primary aim of the study presented herein is to numerically evaluate the influence of the concrete compressive strength (fcu) and the shear span to depth ratio (a/d) on the structural performance of reinforced concrete beams casted with two different concrete mixtures incorporating 0% and 100% CCA. Accordingly, ten beams have been modelled using ANSYS finite element software with two control beams being validated with the experimental data. The results demonstrate the increase of the load carrying capacity and ductility of beams with 100% CCA with increasing the fcu. On the contrary, increasing the shear span to depth ratio leads to the reduction in the capacity of the beams casted with the two different concrete materials. As a final conclusion, the results of the performed numerical analysis designate undesirable structural performance of the concrete beams with 100% CCA. Therefore, it is not recommended to use concrete mixtures with full replacement of natural coarse aggregate by CCA in casting concrete structural members where ductile behavior is indispensable

For years, the Machine Learning community has focused on developing efficient algorithms that can produce very accurate classifiers. However, it is often much easier to find several good classifiers based on dataset combination, instead of single classifier applied on deferent datasets. The advantages of using classifier dataset combinations instead of a single one are twofold: it helps lowering the computational complexity by using simpler models, and it can improve the classification accuracy and performance. Most Data mining applications are based on pattern matching algorithms, thus improving the performance of the classification has a positive impact on the quality of the overall data mining task. Since combination strategies proved very useful in improving the performance, these techniques have become very important in applications such as Cancer detection, Speech Technology and Natural Language Processing .The aim of this paper is basically to propose proprietary metric, Normalized Geometric Index (NGI) based on the latent properties of datasets for improving the accuracy of data mining tasks

In the present study, coatings were deposited on CrC-NiCrFeSiBCoC(80%-20% )a Fe based SS316 steel substrate to reduce the damage caused by erosion boiler applications. Erosion studies were conducted on uncoated as well as HVOF coated steels. The erosion experiments were carried out using an air-jet erosion test rig according to ASTM G-76 standard at a velocity of 30 m/s and at different impingement angles of 30°, 60° and 90°. The HVOF spraying leads to a high retention of CrC in the coating matrix accompanied with lower porosity The high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed CrCNiCrFeSiBCoC(80%-20% )coatings on 316SS boiler tube steal exhibit composite ductile or brittle modes of erosion under angular alumina sand erodent of size 50
impacted at 30m/s. The HVOF spraying leads to a high retention of CrC in the coating matrix accompanied with lower porosity

In recent days people are dependent highly on transportation and the demand for quicker modes of transportation are increasing day by day. Technological advances in the areas of roadways, airways and waterways have led to development of faster and efficient vehicles which has largely contributed in connecting people across the globe. This study deals with finding the effect of different forces acting on Ground Effect Vehicles. Initially three different tail models were considered and modeled in CATIA and then imported to ANSYS for further analysis. It was observed that the higher pressure at tips is a result of the shape of the GEV and it causes drag, since it is opposing the inlet flow. Lift is generated due to difference in pressures between top and bottom surfaces of the wing, which is a consequence of velocity difference. The pressure at top is much lesser that than bottom of the GEV, so lift is also generated. However, it was found from L/D ratio that V tail displayed higher response for the considered process parameters and boundary conditions.

In Nigeria, plantain chips are in high demand and this demand is not being met by most small scale food industries and shops due to some critical factors. Shops are only able to fulfill approximately two-thirds of the demand. The biggest obstacle towards attaining self-sufficiency in the production of plantain chips is the intensity of labor involved and the tediousness of the process which often culminate into prolonged production time. Plantain has a large amount of sap and this causes the skin to adhere to the fruit inside. After peeling, they must be sliced into discs to fry into chips. Worker will hold up to eight plantains in one hand and rapidly slice them using a wooden mandolin. Because of the rapid pace at which they slice plantain and the absence of hand gloves on the workers, accidents are very often unavoidable. These presents health hazards to both the worker, who may develop infections from their injuries, and customers who may consume an unsanitary product. This development is very uncomfortable and tasking on the workers. They must hold the mandolin over the fryer so the plantains will fall in, which causes splashing of the boiling hot oil that occasionally hits and injures the worker. This research focused on design and fabrication of motorized / power operated plantain slicer to meet the raising demands for plantain chips in Nigeria. The objectives of this research was met as the machine has the capacity to produce plantain chips of uniform size in shorter time and a greater slicing efficiency of up to 96.84% while keeping the cost of the machine at an affordable price.

Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is one of the important dental materials used in dental clinics, which is usually used in temporary restorative stages. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding Al micro particles to GIC powder (Riva self-cure) on the mechanical and physical properties.The results showed that the addition of Al micro particles has improved the compressive strength and biaxial flexural strength where the highest values were at 3 wt. %, and then the compressive strength and biaxial flexural strength decreased with increasing the added ratios. The addition of Al particles improved the surface Vickers microhardness values where the highest value was at 5 wt. %. The addition of Al has decreased the wear resistance of GIC; however the wear resistance increased with increased adding ratios. The most acidic beverages (the lowest value of pH) were the most effective in increasing the absorption and solubility percentage of Al samples. Orange juice was more effective followed by cola and then coffee and tea were less effective. We recommend that patients reduce these acidic beverages because they have a harmful effect on dental fillings.

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process is most widely used in industries for fabrication works, due to higher productivity. The weld quality depends on the process parameters of GMAW. This research investigates the influence of process parameters affecting the mechanical properties of weldment. Thus, identification of the GMWA process parameters that significantly affect the quality of GMWA processed parts is more important in terms of productivity. Then process environment has been assumed consisting of four variables like welding current, welding voltage, shielding gas, gas flow rate and wire feed rate. Taguchi optimization technique has been applied to determine the optimal limits, which can maximize the GMWA quality in certain environment. Signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) were calculated for each data and used to obtain the optimum level of every input parameter. The study also shows that the use of the Taguchi Method has productively enhanced on the existing process parameters

Entrepreneurship education is considered a vital tool for nurturing talents and redirecting the energy of young people for profitable engagement and economic growth. This study investigated the perception of students on entrepreneurship education as it relates to the emergence of E-start-ups in Nigeria. The study used quantitative method based on survey approach for the collection of data. A total of 306 copies of questionnaire were administered to 200-500 level students in a Nigerian university. This study used simple random sample under the probability sampling technique for the selection of the respondent. Hence, each member of the population was given equal chance of being chosen from the population in no particular order. The criteria for the selection is 200-500 students of various colleges (College of Business, Social Sciences, Engineering, Science Technology and others) in Nigeria offering courses on entrepreneurship programme. There are total of 306 respondents for this study. Regression analysis was used to analyse the stated hypotheses through statistical package for social science. The result of the analysis revealed that entrepreneurship education has significant impact on the emergence of e-start-ups. Based on the findings, it was recommended that university system should reform curriculum contents to better facilitate creation of e-start-ups

Environmental factors significantly influence concrete surfaces. Infrastructures are affected by variety climatic conditions including: extreme temperatures, droughts, moist and humid conditions or even inundation, and they are more likely to experience negative influences on their concrete surfaces. Thus, this research aims to identify sustainable solutions to decrease the vulnerability of concrete exposed to climatic and environmental influences by assessing the response of concrete surfaces to high solar radiation, high temperatures, and wet weather conditions. Our results within warm and tropical regions show that temperature fluctuations lead to expansion and shrinkage of concrete, particularly in buildings with poor thermal insulation. Including iron components are prone to these shrink-swell processes, causing crack development and expansion over time. Then, this study is suggested some responding solutions including; plant covering over concrete surfaces of the structures as well as use of some light-coloured silicates to reduce solar radiation absorption. Another focus of this study is to analyse the roles of some environmental factors including salinity, humidity, rain, and snow that may influence the concrete surfaces, particularly within wet and coastal regions. Previous studies show that the permeability of concrete surfaces increase the Infiltration of water which can lead to corrosion of iron components, and salt accumulation within cavities, particularly affecting coastal-zone infrastructures. Thus, a suggestion of high-density, low-porous concrete to be used to prevent the diffusion of water into concrete surfaces. The concrete surface problems that are occurring due to various environmental factors can cause severe damage. The corrosions including peeling process is an example of such damage that often is not-repairable. Notably, if peeling occurs within the primary reinforcing structure, the metal bodies are likely exposed to corrosion, which then requires a greater response to be fixed. Thus, the information provided in this study yield base suggestions which can support informed decision-making during planning and construction stages to sustain longer-lasting concrete surfaces under different environmental conditions. Additionally, the concrete material industry can benefit from this research, as the findings provide guidance to the use of more suitable materials for improved structural integrity under various climatic conditions

Human civilization in its development follows the process of social change, in accordance with the rhythm of the times. The life dynamics of the Hibua Lamo community entered the reform era (1998- 1999), leading to a steep road to build the Hibua Lamo community kinship system. The role of local elites based on local cultural values succeeded in hacking into civil conflict in the Hibua Lamo region. This study aims to understand and describe thedevelopment dynamics of the Hibua Lamo community, in Tobelo North Halmahera. Qualitative methods used in this research process, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and document studies. The results showed that the wave of social change changed the existence of local cultural values that has implication to civilization climate change in Hibua Lamo society. The dynamics of social life in the Hibua Lamo community are mapped intothree eras: First, the era of "Odora-Ohayangi" (affection). Community social life in the Hibua Lamo community, from the time of the ancestors to the beginning of 1999, has always been built in a kinship system based on local cultural values (a culture of mutual respect, mutual acceptance, mutual recognition and mutual protection), as a basis for social harmony. Second, the "galosiri" (sorrow) era. The "O tohora-moi"(blood and descendants) kinship climate that always mingles in harmony and peace, soon turns into conflict. Third, the era of "Hidiai" (improve), or the reconciliation process. The local elites have a role to unite conflict communities as an effort to hack the steep road to the kinship system in the Hibua Lamo community, by functioning and empowering the role of customary institutions as social glue and preservation pillar of local cultural values, which is controlled through bureaucratic regulation (Regional Government Policy) and social control of Customary Institutions (Hibua Lamo), as a basis for social harmony

The use of fossil fuels is unsustainable due to limited supply and also due to large emissions of Carbon dioxide due to the effect of global warming. Biofuel is a viable option but can, as produced today; only provide a limited amount of fuels needed. Biofuels are presently derived from terrestrial plants, which require large amounts of arable land. Biofuels from microalgae on the other hand do not necessarily require arable land and can theoretically replace fossil fuels absolutely. Biofuels from microalgae could use industry waste water as growth medium particularly paper industry waste water is an interesting potential provider due to its high nitrogen and phosphorus in waste water. In this research work marine microalgae Nannochloropsis Salina was cultivated using f/2 medium using modified air lift photo-bioreactor along with the paper industry effluent waste water, The doubling time calculated from optical density attained at 48 hrs the cell count almost doubled during this period. Since the marine species is sensitive to pH we need to maintain the pH at 7 below 7indicated the decreased biomass levels in culture. The lipid extraction was studied using solvent methods. The functional compounds in lipids FAME were studied using GC-MS analysis, the Nannochloropsis salina showed qualities of growing in fresh water and brackish water apart from the marine water which is a desirable characteristic for algal phycoremediation

This study is based on the different implementation of Physical Fitness Exercise in several elementary schools of Padang. During their morning routine exercise, the State-Owned Elementary School Number 20 Alang Lawas practice the Physical Fitness Exercise 2012, while the State-Owned Elementary School Number 34 Seberang Palinggam practice the Physical Fitness Exercise 2008. The objective of this research is to find out which version of the Physical Fitness Exercise is more effective in increasing the physical fitness of the elementary students in Padang Selatan District, Padang. This study is Ex Post Facto research. The research population was the female students of the 4 th, 5th and 6 th graders of the State-Owned Elementary School Number 20 Alang Lawas and the State-Owned Elementary School Number 34 Seberang Palinggam, City of Padang. The study usesthe sampling technique of the cluster random sampling and employs 106 students as the sample, which consists of 52 students of the State-Owned Elementary School Number 20 Alang Lawas and 54 students of the State-Owned Elementary School Number 34 Seberang Palinggam. Data were analyzed with a statistical analysis of a t-test. From the data I found based on the results of my research, that Physical Fitness Exercise 2012 is better to be used in elementary schools, than using Physical Fitness Exercise 2008. The study found that the Physical Fitness Exercise 2012 has more effective effects in improving the physical fitness of the students compared to the Physical Fitness Exercise 2008. Based on the hypothesis test, it showed that the physical fitness level of the students at the State-Owned Elementary School Number 20 Alang Lawas was classified as moderate with an average score of 16.5, while the physical fitness level of the students of the State-Owned Elementary School Number 34 Seberang Palinggam was also classified as moderate but with an average score of 14.42.

The rapid increase in the occurrence of road accidents in Nigeria requires the deployment of real time techniques that is equipped to reduce one of the critical factor that have been identified by the Federal Road Safety cooperation of Nigeria (FRSC) that constitute the major cause of road accidents which is over speeding. This was achieved through the design and implementation of real time vehicle speed monitoring system using cellular signal along the travelled path. A data acquisition device was developed to capture in real time the signal strength and geospatial data (longitude and latitude) along the travel path which is used in determining the speed of the moving vehicle. The acquired data was correlated with data obtained from standardize equipment to establish the integrity of the data, the data was then used to develop the algorithm by obtaining equation for the path-loss gain in terms of signal strength against distance. Equation for the base stations covering a distance of 10km were obtained for analysis. Consequently from the equation, the distance from two locations along the route can be determined from corresponding signal strength values, the average speed results for the drive test, new Model and using Latitude and Longitude are compared as followed 88.05km/hr, 75.67km/hr and 88.2km/hr respectively. With this a new paradigm shift in vehicular speed management is developed based on Cellular signals for real time vehicular speed determination.

This research was aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of drying moisture and cyanide contents of cassava chips using oven drying process. Five varieties of raw cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crantz) namely TMS 98/0510, TME 419, TMS 97/2205, NR 87184 and TMS 96/1632 were harvested at twelve (12) months after planting (MAP) from the experimental plots of the Enugu State College of Agriculture and Agro-Entrepreneurship Iwollo-Ezeagu Enugu, Nigeria. For each of the varieties 2kg of tubers were processed. The results from the research showed that processing of the cassava tubers into dried cassava chips using oven process resulted in an acceptable level of moisture and cyanide contents which were in conformity with the compositional requirements for dried cassava chips. The graph showed that higher the temperature, the faster the rate of drying of the chips. Moreover, the drying rates, moisture and cyanide contents were affected by the drying temperatures.

This research discussed nonoscillatory properties for resolve of nonlinear neutral differences equation of second order with positive and negative coefficients. The various new conditions which is ensure that all nonoscillatory solutions tend to zero or infinity like are given two examples are illustrate the ordinary results.

The Lombok and Palu Earthquakes that have recently occurred in Indonesia caused significant damage. Earthquakes are closely related to damage, landslide, and the loss of life and economy. However, the causes of these things are not solely due to the earthquake itself. The cause loss of life and economy caused solely due to the collapse of buildings that built by humans during an earthquake. To reduce impact loss of life and economy, Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) using based isolator can be one of the solution. By using PBSD economic considerations the cost of repair after an earthquake can be predicted. In this study, modeling 12-storey reinforced concrete buildings located in Yogyakarta Indonesia stands on soft soil using base isolator High Damping Rubber type (HDR HH090X4S, thickness 20 cm product of Bridgestone). The average of non-linear dynamic time history analysis of seven ground motion respectively Denali earthquake 2002, Imperial Valley 1940, Kobe 1995, Loma Prieta 1989, Northridge 1994, San Fernando 1971, Superstition Hills 1987 was conducted. Seismic response modification coefficient R was taken respectively 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, and 8. From these coefficients, the performance of the building is obtained with R 2.5 and R 3.5 performance building in the category of immediate occupancy, R 5.5 and R 8 Category damage control. Thus the building with R 2.5 and R 3.5 according to FEMA 273 will produce a building with a repair cost of 25% and repair time only 1 day, so that after the earthquake the building can resume normal operation.

The purpose of this study is to design experiments to determine the impact of ship aerodynamics in Indonesia using the Computational Fluid Dynamic method and compare the impact of fuell consumption and load from experimental testing. Thus, it can be known in detail about the voltage that occurs up to the final speed of the ship during testing. In the preparation of this research the first step is to model the end of the ship using CAD software from the original model used in experimental testing. The next thing is to determine the value of the mechanical properties of the material and then put it in the CAE software. In CAE software, it is also determined about the boundary conditions of the material and then determines the speed. The next thing to do is the process of meshing the plate and ammunition and after the meshing process is proceeded to the running process. In contrast to experimental testing where there are various obstacles, the data produced by testing the Computational Fluid Dynamic method and experimental testing can sometimes be different. This is because in the testing process using Computational Fluid Dynamic, conditions are always in optimal conditions

Idealized solid propellant is models is analysed for thick sphere subjected to internal pressure, whose casing is made of composite materials,. Results obtained from present elements are compared with analytical results and 8 noded counterpart of MARC. Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) is developed based on casting method where solid propellant grains are cast into a composite or metallic casing. Generally, SRMs are exposed to extreme loading scenarios during storage, transportation, and firing, leading to cracks in the solid propellants. In this paper, Computational Finite Element Analysis is performed with developed 8 node quadrilateral, 9 node quadrilateral and 6 node triangular elements using Herrmann formulation to analyze stress and strain variations in the mid segments of the typical SRM subjected to pressure loading. The obtained results are compared with commercially available Finite element software.

The challenges of crime prevention in todays world are increasingly complex and require new technologies that can handle the huge amount of confidential data generated through different sources. Cybercrime is an important issue for research as it affects many mainstream sectors such as defences, social media, government, industry, private, military and scientific sectors. etc. Internet criminals use distorted or hacked data to capture their actions. The development of the unpredictability of digital interventions requires efficiency specialized and judicial examination. The cybercrime rate is increasing and challenging the investigative personnel. Crimerelated data is increasingly being generated nowadays and is often digital in nature. At present, data generated cannot be efficiently handled using traditional analysis techniques. Instead of using traditional data analysis techniques it would be useful to use big data analyses for this massive data. This paper will examine the analyse of such data that were generated largely using big data analyses to provide their analysis groups to the artificial neural network which in turn produces a crime prediction pattern. So The police department can use the prediction pattern to allocate its resources in order to reduce the crime rate

On account of cutting gadget holder preoccupation, cutting force affects the dimensional precision. The troublesome of equipment holder redirection is attempted routinely in a course of action of building surface things, and to accomplish this point uninvolved strategy can be utilized. In this unassuming work, a refreshed hypothetical momentous cutting force appear for end getting ready is open, utilizing confined part approach. The model be committed to variable data sources, pick the kind of the end procedure holder, in the event that it is straight or discontinuous. The cutting parameters are given for getting a perfect preparing instrument redirection dispersing and rehash an area examination. The expansion results demonstrate that the instrument evading impacts the dimensional precision of the completed part. The essential structures of pulled back technique for distraction mask of mechanical frameworks are quickly exhibited. It depends upon the hypothesis of dynamic redirection. For handling forces and gadget holder redirection, two sorts of instability show yields are shown identifying with cutting force parameters.

Green buildings are also referred to as green construction or sustainable buildings.This term refers to the environment friendly and resource efficient structures and processes in a buildings life-cycle:including all the steps involved in the planning,design,construction,operation,maintenance,renovation and demolition of the building structures.1The Green Building concept endeavors to address the classical building design concerns of utility,economy,comfort and durability.This necessitates close cooperation among all stakeholders including contractors,architects,engineers and clients at all stages of the project. New technologies are coming up all the time to strengthen existing approaches to creating greener structures

Zinc oxide nanoparticle embedded in activated silica (ZnO-NPs-AS-Ai) as adsorbent with nano cube shape were synthesized from leaf extract of Acalypha indica via green method. Adsorbent were characterized using SEM, XRD EDAX and FT-IR. Exploration shows that the adsorbent is nano cube shape with an average size of 80 nm with elemental composition of zinc, oxygen and silica with Secondary amine at 2357 cm-1 and Olefinic compound at 1600-1450 cm-1. The percentage of As (III) removal was very significant at 0.03ppm with arsenic removal of 79.47 to 96.19% with 2g adsorbent dosage at a pH of 6 with a contact time of 60 min and at an agitation speed of 300rpm. Results showed that the adsorption process by ZnO-NPs-AS-Ai is monolayer chemisorptions. This research uses existing principles of green chemistry to combat agricultural land contaminated with arsenic (III) by bioremediation of water to prevent biological magnification

In this Paper, surveys, application, and comparison of three types of artificial intelligence in machinery fault diagnosis: Neural Network, Support Vector Machines, and Artificial Immune Recognition System have been introduced. Selecting the correct features is the most important thing in training and diagnosis field and it is the core issue of this field, in this thesis, a trial is made to improve the accuracies of the three proposed methods by trying to select the proper features from time domain. The training is done by using the data collected from two-channel, horizontal and vertical in three cases first, both time and frequency domains are used as features input to the three proposed methods, secondly, using frequency domain only or thirdly, using part of the time domain features with frequency domain features; for two speed. All the three methods show excellent accuracy when training and diagnosis at same specific speed especially SVM, while the accuracy is low when diagnosis at a speed that differs from training speed. Also all the three methods give excellent diagnosis results when the applied load at the same speed of training speed.

This paper presents the effect of construction joints on the performance of reinforced self-compacting concrete slender beams. The experimental program included casting and testing four beams with dimensions of 125×150×1000 mm. The first beam is without construction joint as a reference specimen, the second beam is of horizontal construction joint at mid-depth of the beam, the third beam is of vertical construction joint at mid-span (maximum bending moment point) and the fourth beam is of vertical construction joint on fourth-span (maximum shear region). The test results showed that the effect of construction joint on the ultimate load was more significant than that on the first crack load, also, the results showed that the beam of horizontal construction joint gave better structural performance as compared with the other cases of the construction joint, in which the first crack load decreased 6.7% and the ultimate load decreased 26.7%as compared with the reference beam. Also the results showed that the beam with vertical construction joint on the fourth-span represented the less efficiency case, in which the first crack load decreased 16.7% and ultimate load decreased 56.2% as compared with the reference beam. Furthermore the load-deflection becomes less stiff with presence construction joint especially beyond the first crack load.

The job structure of the bottom (lower Structure) has the weight of the work amounted to 8% of the total cost of the construction of high delay in implementation analysis conducted by using the Relative Important Index (RII) Obtained 15 influential factors ie Comparison of measurement and prediction, the adequacy of the plan Specifications, fix and schedules and plans, instrumentation and monitoring, evaluation of static pole Data , Data collection, soil conditions, scope of work, Issues, accuracy of data, problem identification, Solution Optimization, validation projects, Improve communication, skilled workforce. While the resu the analysis of the case study foundations work efficiency powerboats Obtained results using PERT of 4.85% and optimization for quality using Six Sigma of 99. 56%.

This paper reports an investigational study on the effect of calcium carbide kiln dust (CCKD) in cement mortar and its resistance towards hydrochloric acid attack. Mortar with various CCKD replacement levels from 5 to 40 percent by binder weight were tested. The setting time, consistency, density, compressive strength and the durability tests were evaluated to measure the effect of CCKD in mortar. The durability was assessed in terms of loss of density and strength when the specimen were cured in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCL) solution. The results indicate that CCKD replacement levels from 5 to 20 percent performed on par with control mix in terms of compressive strength, the loss in density and strength were around 30% under acid curing. However, 30% and above CCKD replacement percentage showed low density and compressive strength in both conditions. It is concluded that CCKD can be used as an effective replacement for cement up to 20 percent without affecting the performance.

This paper relates the best practices in Log preprocessing in Petrophysics which are necessary to have a good model for Facies and Permeability. The well-logs which were used for the Electrofacies modeling and permeability modeling consist of Gamma-Ray(GR), Bulk Density Porosity(RHOB) Neutron porosity(NPHI). Meanwhile, the model distinct type of facies consists of sand, Shaly sand, and shale. Precise Electrofacies sorting was accomplished by the Multi-Resolution Graph-based Clustering (MRGC). The improvement in the Logs from the Well-X1 after undergoing pre-processing like Log Normalization, Compaction Effect Removal, Fluid Effect Removal returned the logs to their natural states and were used as input into MultiResolution Graph-based Clustering (MRGC) model to produce better output Facies and Permeability when compared to the Output which did not undergo preprocessing. These practices can be utilized to validate very good Facies and Permeability Models

There is a sufficient level of raw materials, material resources and material technical base, as well as human resources for the development of textile and light industry. The objective of the study is to increase the efficiency of textile production through the development of tools and methods for controlling the structure and properties of packages. The study considered the classification of these properties and their characterizing performance. A new classification of geometric, general and special properties is proposed that affect the design parameters of the winding mechanisms and the course of the production process. Existing methods and means of controlling the shape of textile packages are also considered. Mechanical, hydraulic and optical methods of controlling the structure and shape of the package are analyzed. It is established that the structure of the winding affects the quality of the packages on subsequent process transitions. For this purpose, a winding structure analyzer is proposed for controlling the winding structure.

In this present generation, individuals are highly sophisticated in their life standard as it is directly determined by their individuals and family income. Pool of earnings in a family take them to next level life style. Copy and comparison are the two important C’s which influence the individuals to lead their life in comfort t zone. In the last two decades people are totally isolating to prefer public transport. Heavy traffic penetrates the individuals to frustrate, in turn it leads to attract to buy their own vehicles. A competitive corporate culture encourages them by launching new modern two and four wheeler with different amenities at competitive price. Financial institutions are also supporting them to buy vehicles at easiest instalments. At last, these proportionately increase more automobile products. These automobile industries directly contribute the GDP to our nation. The recent GST also encourages the buying habit of automobile products. These positive tax regime definitely develop the automobile sector to the reasonable extent. This research paper has made an attempt to undergo the tax implications of automobile products with reference to TATA motors. The study conducted based on the reliable facts from the company site and financial reports for the period for 4 years from 2014 to 2018. Observation method also applied to perceive the users, retailers and Dealers preference about the GST implement about automobile sector.

The present paper makes an attempt to study the Financial Literacy lead to Empowering the Socio-economic condition of Tribals through informationa technology and its impact on the day to day life of the rural people. For this purpose the questionnaire is developed and distributed . In our study we found that the Information Technology ( IT) have made significant contribution in the life of the tribal people in some areas and still long way to go . It changed the life style of the people and a the rural people able to find new markets for their products .

The main aim of this paper is to identify the type of bracing for the better seismic performance of the structure by building steel bracings at different floor levels.Duringearthquakes the human loss is mainly due to the failure of structures. Seismic deficitstructures will crumble even at low magnitude earthquakes.Many existing structures need to be retrofitted,installation of steel bracing for existing structure will be easiest way instead of buildingshear walls.Steel tubular X-bracing system have been installed to the strcuture at different floor levels for choosen G+5 RCC building and analyzed by Non-linear static push over analysis.Six cases are considered in this study, in each case the placement of bracing were changed to find out the better performane of the structue with variation in the placement of bracings at different storey levels.The comparisions made between these six cases by keeping base model as ideal model along with the parameters like base shear,displacement and inter-storey drift.After comparing it was found that there is a significant increase of Base Shear by 14.90%,16.53% for case-3,case-5 models respectively when compared with basemodel i.e. case-1with out bracing. The displacement is reduced by 17.39%, 17.39% for case-3 and case-5models respectively when compared with base model. There is a reduction of inter-storey drift by 33.33%, 33.33% for case-3 and case-5 models respectively when compared with base model. Case-3 and case-5 braced frames has been significantly performed well with the reduction in storey drifts and displacements and increase in base shear.

This research devotes to conduct an investigation into the effects of lateral reinforcement on the flexural behaviour of Straight Reinforced Concrete Beam (SRCB). The amount of both longitudinal and lateral reinforcement, beam aspect ratio (h/d) and shear span of concentrated load to depth ratio (a/d), are considered. The experimental work includes casting and testing of fifteen SRCB of normal strength with simple ends. The beams divided into three groups according to h/b ratio which taken equal to (1.5, 2, and 2.5). The experimental results show that for SRCB with h/b equal to 2 and under concentrated load at mid-span the ultimate load carrying capacity increased by (30.8%, and 22.23%) when increasing the shear reinforcement by (50%, and 100%) respectively. Also, the ultimate strength was increased by about 10.38% and 16.53% with increment in shear reinforcement of 50%, and 100% respectively for beams with h/b equal to 1.5 and under two-point load at third point. Finally, the results appear not only increments in the capacity of ultimate load and decrement in the cracks width when decreasing the shear reinforcement spacing but also the ductility of the beams has increased observable.

This work presents the experimental results of gasification of char derived from pyrolysis of Pongamia deoiled cake at maximum oil condition. Experiments are conducted in fluidized bed reactor using air as the gasifying agent. The gasification temperature and equivalence ratio (ER) were varied as per the designed experiment using central composite design to study the influence on the composition of the product gas. The lower heating value (LHV), Gas yield (GY), carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) were calculated from the data of the composition of the gas. The experiments were carried out in the temperature range of 600-800 °C, equivalence ratio of 0.26-0.36. Regression equations were proposed as a function of temperature and ER for H2, CO, CH4 and CO2 in the range of experimental conditions. The results showed that at a temperature of 800 °C and ER of 0.35, maximum cold gas efficiency of 52.04% was achieved. The optimum input parameters were identified for maximum gasification efficiency. The product gas with highest LHV, 5 MJ/Nm3 was obtained at 600 °C temperature, 0.26 ER. The product gas obtained through gasification of this kind of char can be used as fuel for syngas engines, for power generation and process heat applications.

The present study investigates on the single walled carbon nano tube (CNT) based transistor and with comparative analysis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) as gate dielectric films. Structural properties of these gate dielectric films were analysed and reported. Array network of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was formed as a channel in field effect transistor (FET) by drop casting method. At room temperature gate dielectric (ZnO and Al2O3) films were deposited by using pulsed laser deposition. Various electrical parameters were analysed for the fabricated SWCNT/Al2O3 and SWCNT/ZnO FET’s. The achieved threshold voltage (VTH), ION and IOFF are 0.6 Volts, -2.88mA and -2.19mA was observed for CNT/Al2O3 FET and 0.2Volts, -2.19mA and -4.99mA was observed for CNT/ZnO FET respectively

Inevitable depletion of mineral reserves involves search for the new alternative sources of non-ferrous metals, in particular, noble metals. Chromite ores in dunite, conventionally treated as refractory materials, are considered to be a prospecting feedstock of platinum group metals. Studies were performed on platinum group metals production as by-products for low-grade dunite ore processing. Gravity-magnetic flowsheet for dunite concentration allows to extract magnetic platinum-containing concentrate with high content of magnetite and platinum-ferriferous alloys. Reductive leaching in sulfuric acid medium was considered as advanced method of refining of magnetic platinum-containing concentrate from iron. Electrochemical studies of magnetite cathode reduction in sulfuric acid medium showed that magnetite rate of solution is increasing with potential shift to cathode region under increasing solution acidity and higher temperature. Kinetics of cathode process can be determined by electrolyte parameters and catalytic impact of cations of ferrous iron formed

Generally, architecture can be termed as a field of art in building, a structure designed by human beings. Therefore, the grandeur and the height of a civilization is measured by the buildings it left behind which include religious buildings. This can be seen through Indian architecture that appeared as a result of the emergence of Buddhism and Hinduism. Between the main objectives of this study is to discuss the concept, goals and philosophy found in the architecture of India. In addition, the study also discusses the characteristics and elements of Indian architecture made up of Buddhist and Hindu architecture that has influenced some of the architecture of other buildings in the world. In this writing, the authors used qualitative methodology focusing on research on the analysis of documents and observations. The finding shows that the concept and philosophy of Indian architecture has been largely influenced by nation and world civilization. The study also identified the characters and elements. system along the western coast of India

Development of the classical Malay poetry as a medium of knowledge in Pahang is seen as one of the interesting issues to be discussed. It was developed by one of the well-known Muslim Scholars in Pahang known as TukShihabuddin. Numerous classical Malay poems written by him as a medium of knowledge to local people can be used to determine the history and the events that took place during his time. alGhafilah is a beautiful poem written by him. This paper will investigate the connotative and denotative meaning behind these beautiful stanzas. Review of literature and content analysis will be employed in this research. From observation, brief and concise stanzas tell their own stories. They clarify the names of Muslim scholars and their stories during the time of TukShihabuddin. This poem also conveys information about the social life and development of knowledge and Muslim scholars of Pahang in the 18th century.

In current decades, Land Use (LU) and Land Cover (LC) classification is the most challenging research area in the field of remote sensing. This research helps in understanding the environmental changes for ensuring the sustainable development. In this research, LU and LC classification assessed for Visakhapatnam city. After collecting the satellite images, Hybrid Directional Lifting (HDL) technique was used to remove the saturation and blooming effects in the input images. The pre-processed satellite images were used for segmentation by applying Fuzzy C means (FCM) clustering. Then, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features were utilized to extract the features from the segmented satellite images. After obtaining the feature information, a multi-class classifier: Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was used to classify the LU and LC classes; water-body, vegetation, settlement, and barren land. The experimental outcome showed that the proposed system effectively distinguishes the LU and LC classes by means of sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy. The proposed system enhances the classification accuracy up to 7% compared to the existing systems.

In the study an attempt was made to know the different total quality management practices adopted by the selected manufacturing brick units and effects of it on the process thinking, customer satisfaction, employee commitment, strategic thinking, integrated system, decision based on facts, continuous improvement and effective communication . The elements of total quality management has been studied about the quality enhancement, increase in customer base, profitability and sales. The data was collected through primary sources as company records and field observations. The study was conducted to know more about the TQM practices followed by the selected manufacturing units. In those days they used to take more time for manufacturing the bricks and now the time maintenance has been able to manage. The company’s growth was realized only after adoption of TQM and it has been able to increase their customers. Dynamic thinking process was adopted wherein they were able to assess and give the changes that are happening in the market.so we can conclude by saying that total quality management has brought the considerable changes in the organization

The study of the relations between the arts can lead to the causes of the spread of a particular culture at a certain time in which it constitutes a technical development. The actor did not start appearing through the screen in a theatrical performance without accepting a year to collect the art of cinema with the art of the theater. The audience understands the language of the picture and belongs to its contemporary culture. The performance of the actor is cinematic in his performance in the cinematic theater, but this performance is different from the art of cinematography, the representative scene is not presented within the scenes of a film, and this performance is different from the art of theatrical representation, the representative scene is not presented on stage. The performance of the actor through the cinematic screen in the play is no less important in the play than the actor on the stage in the contemporary theater. The use of cinematic scenes in the play establishes a representative performance that is centered between the stage and the screen. In the combination of theatrical and cinematic performances, a frame of special artistic character characterizes the representation of features that combine the performance of theater and cinema.

Insolvency and business recovery practices are not at infancy stage in Nigeria, although it has not crystallized to a full profession as it is practiced in other relatively advanced climes. As the global financial sector evolves, the focus of modern insolvency and business recovery practices have shifted from winding up of insolvent oil companies to reorganization, restructuring of such companies and its operations to foster economic stability and financial propriety. But the case is the reverse in Nigeria, as liquidation is seen as the panacea to insolvency. The study evaluates Nigerian insolvency and business recovery laws to sustain modern businesses practices to prevent incessant corporate failure. Many jurisdictions are now overhauling their insolvency and business recovery laws to support business practices and to reform the gaps identified. The study conducts comparative legal and policy analyses of solvency and business recovery laws in Nigeria, Malaysia, India, South Africa, United Kingdom and United States. These countries were selected because their insolvency and business recovery laws are business rescue driven. The study is a doctrinal legal research that adopts a point-by-point comparative approach with library research method. The study finds that Nigerian law on insolvency seems deficient with regard to business rescue, turnaround and restructuring. It concludes that, regulatory agencies in the selected countries are more effective than those in Nigeria because of the political will of the governments of the former to successfully turn around insolvent oil companies, save jobs and protect creditors by optimising businesses through restructuring and business turnaround strategies. The study therefore recommends reform of Nigeria’s insolvency and business recovery law and practices in conformity with the global best practices on insolvent companies rescued and creditors driven strategies for healthy economy.

This study aimed to determine the population and percentage of larval attacks S. exigua on leaf onion plants. This research was conducted for two months. Sampling was done by directly observing each plant at a predetermined location three times at intervals of two weeks. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the average population of S. exigua larvae was highest in leaf onion plants in Yaba Maru 0.144 heads/clump and the lowest was Waninggap Miraf 0.039 tail/clump. While the average attack rate of S. exigua larvae was highest in leaf onion plants at location 4 7.639% and lowest at Waninggap Miraf 3.14%.

The process of preserving duck eggs is generally salted eggs, with a distinctive taste that is salty, but with a touch of technology and innovation, salted eggs can be enjoyed with a variety of flavors including deer salted eggs. This salted egg is expected to be a typical Merauke product produced from ducks and deer. But so far there is no known nutrient content of salted eggs supplemented with deer fat oil and bacterial contamination. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the quality of nutrients, microbial contamination and cholesterol in deer salted eggs. The study was conducted at the Musamus University and BBIA Bogor livestock laboratory. The results showed that the nutritional value of deer salted eggs was in line with the Indonesian National Standard of Protein 14.5%, 15.3% fat, carbohydrate 3.46%, phosphorus 206 mg, cholesterol 242 mg, and Negative Salmonella SP. Fat oil extract and venison in salted eggs can increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic

The purpose of the research was to analyse the influence of the implementation of Sapta Pesona policy on The quality of community tourism service at Tiga Ras Simalungun North Sumatera. The method of research used combination between quantitative and qualitative method. The research samples were the community around tourism site Tiga Ras Simalungun North Sumatera as much as 110 head of family. The data collected by library research includes documentation study and field research by giving question are, observation and interview. Data analyzed by Product Moment from Pearson and Multiple Regression Analysis. The research concluded that there was positive and significant influence between the implementation of Sapta Pesonapolicy on the quality of community tourism service at Tiga Ras Simalungun North Sumatera. This research recommends the need to enhance communication, disposition, resources and bureaucratic structure of Sapta Pesona so that the quality of community tourism

The analysis of the dynamics of development of the legal and regulatory status of the basic notions and procedures of the state system of ensuring the unity of measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period 2000 - 2018 in relation to the conformity assessment and confirmation of compliance of measuring instruments, in the framework of harmonization of the regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan with international requirements and recommendations. Works on metrological certification of measuring systems of a number of test equipment of the machine-building enterprise with participation of the state body authorized for management of activity for ensuring the state system of unity of measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also taking into account regulatory requirements to indicators of parameters of safety and quality of production are carried out. Official proposals were sent to the Committee of technical regulation and Metrology of the Republic of Kazakhstan on amendments and additions to the draft national standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan, establishing requirements for calibration procedures of measuring instruments and transfer of measuring instruments to the category of indicators. These proposals were agreed and included in the relevant draft standards. Recommendations for further development and harmonization of the regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of metrological support, taking into account international requirements and recommendations in order to increase confidence in the quality of measurements performed in the conditions of production and laboratories of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The main aim of this work is to use a robot in a typical cafeteria environment to deliver food from the main counter to the customer’s table, thereby acting as a mobile robot waiter. This study is essential in order to promote efficiency in serving food to customers. The robot uses an Arduino microcontroller to run a program with a combination of RFID technology, a line following module and an obstacle detecting system. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader is fixed on the robot itself, and reads the RFID passive tag which is placed under the serving tray. The RFID application allows the robot to identify the right table that is to be served and the robot moves to the respective table based on the tag. The uniqueness in the design of this serving robot is the application of the obstacle detection and collision avoidance, together with the integration of RFID technology. The findings from this research provide evidence that the robot is able to move according to the described path.

In India the pace of online users has been faster with users being more comfortable to buy online for apparels, footwear and fashion accessories when compared to other countries (Forrester research)1 and the consumers are becoming more mature by passing time.On the other hand business to consumer e-commerce has also shown a major growth in the GDP from the year 2009 from 0.13% to 0.21% in 2017 as percentage of GDP in India (The Statistics Portal) and expected to touch 0.24% by end of 2018.A number of business today have gone online from the traditional stores not just to sell online but also for various marketing strategy. For consumers who want to shop online the platform well known for e-commerce is business to consumers (B2C) which includes online shopping for all their needs. This study was conducted to analyze the shopping patterns of millennials when to comes to the clothing brands online the study was conducted in Bangalore city covering the age group of 23-35 year youngsters and the study indicated a significant relationship between the buying behavior and the factors influencing the young buyers to buy the clothing brands from the online portals. The study was exploratory in nature covering important variables identified.

The use of geo-grids in reinforced concrete sets a new dimension for employing geo synthetics as reinforcement in structural concrete. The aim of the present study is to investigate the use of geo-grid as a strengthening material to one way reinforced concrete slabs. The experimental program contains testing of six RC slab strengthened with different type of Geo-Grid and one reference slab. The specimens have been tested under two line loads. Experimental results indicate that geo-grid may be an effective alternative material for strengthening of reinforced concrete slabs as compared to conventional confining techniques. Finally, A Finite Element model (FEM) has been developed using ANSYS program to analyze the tested slabs, then the experimental and theoretical results were compared.

Al-Hilla River has a great importance to the people in the vicinity which serves as a main drinking and irrigation source. The aim of the current study is to estimate the Water Quality Index (WQI) of Al-Hilla River, southern Baghdad using the weighted arithmetic water quality index method. Water samples were collected from 7 stations in March in which eight water quality parameters were analyzed: Turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, concentration of hydrogen ion, electrical conductivity, chlorides, alkalinity and biological oxygen demand. The calculated WQI of Al-Hilla River indicates that the river water is unsuitable for drinking which is majorly attributed to the total dissolved solids and turbidity. This interprets the condition of the river which can help the local authority in taking action by identifying the sources of pollution and improving the water quality and stakeholders should be involved in the decision making and mitigation alternatives.

This is an initial study which preceded the implementation of a 4-phase collaborative action research using the Mac Naughton & Hughes model. The purpose of this study is to explore the existing knowledge and practice of teachers in implementing a thematic approach in the planning and implementation aspect of the learning and facilitation process (PdPc). This early observation involved five teachers from different pre-schools. The data collected in a field study was through observation and interview. Critical observation was based on comparison between two pre-schools as the benchmark. Observation and interview of research participants found that teachers of the two pre-schools had no in-depth understanding of the thematic approach even though they admitted to using the National Pre-school Standard Curriculum (Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan or KSPK). Two teachers made annual theme-based planning and only one made daily theme-based planning. Three other teachers did not make annual theme-based planning but used topics in workbooks as themes. All teachers arranged their schedule for child learning based on separate subjects. All teachers frequently used a one-way teaching method, lacked variety in teaching methods and stressed on academic development, while use of textbooks and worksheets prevailed. This situation showed that the principle of thematic teaching was unfulfilled, that is, teachers did not combine various subjects and knowledge, child skills, variety of learning styles as well as child development domains appropriate to age and ability. Research findings gives input to researchers to make changes and improvements to teaching practice in implementing the thematic approach through collaborative action research. A Guideline for Implementation of Thematic Approach is required to assist and guide other teachers on how to begin the process of implementing the thematic approach.

The demand and use of concrete have led to a lot of research in improving its strength, durability, life cycle, temperature effect and many more. Improving the strength and durability of concrete is very paramount in the construction of basic infrastructure in a bid to make it sustainable. The choice of metakaolin as a supplementary material in improving the mechanical strength and durability of concrete is espoused in this review. This was done in a bid to reduce the cost of cement being one of the most expensive component of concrete production and to also improve sustainability in the construction industry. The review revealed that the use of metakaolin in the production of concrete showed an improved mechanical strength. Literatures revealed that up to 10%-20% increase in mechanical strength is recorded with the use of metakaolin in concrete production. Additionally, the durability properties of concrete with metakaolin also improved. However, the review revealed that incorporating metakaolin in concrete production reduced the workability of concrete and increased the heat of hydration. The result of this review showed that the use of metakaolin reduced the cost of producing concrete. Based on the uniqueness of the material, it is recommended for use in countries where it is abundant in a bid to promote sustainability in concrete technology, improve mechanical strength and reduce cost

The efficiency of food crop agriculture is a fairly common and used performance parameter, efficiency measurement is widely used to answer the challenges of calculating the size of agricultural crops. This research uses a method called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure technical efficiency. DEA method from one company is a non-parametric analysis method which aims to measure the level of efficiency relative to the productivity unit that has the same goal. The productivity unit is here in the form of a decision-making unit (DMU) where the DMU in this study is the food crop agriculture sub-sector 29 districts in East Java. The results of this study can be studied as many as 93

Indonesia as a state of law, which is based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, has a goal to improve welfare for its people wherever they are. Therefore, it is the duty of the State to protect its citizens who work both formally and who work informally, both those who work domestically and those who work abroad. Law No. 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers who replaced Law No. 39 of 2004 concerning the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers is a form of general protection for all Indonesian workers who work overseas or who are known as Workers Migrants, including sailors and seafarers. However, the form of protection against seafarers of Indonesian crew is felt to be inadequate, considering that there are still many sailors of Indonesian ship crew whose rights are differentiated compared to seafarers from other countries. The main problem in this paper is to analyze legal policies in the protection of Indonesian seafarers working overseas. By using normative juridical and sociological juridical method, this study shows for Indonesian seafarers, both at home and abroad are entitled to legal protection in accordance with the nature of their work without exception. This legal protection begins with an agreement between the seafarer and the employer as stated in the sea labor agreement.

This study seeks to explore the value of promotion from the Indo Defense exhibition held by the Indonesian Ministry of Defense involving dozens of countries. The research method is using descriptive study with reference to the business communication perspective. To measure the performance of this event, this research is based on the target of event realization, and compares it. The results showed that Indo Defenses activities effectively served as a vehicle for promotion in defense equipment business at the international level.

In this paper prepared a systems to that amount the units of the fitness about structural elements within Reinforced Concrete (RC), at total times, partially atop the perfect coverage concerning sensors is provided. As a result, the records about the distances within the sensor’s near nodes and its sensing areas are the only want because concerning every sensor into the recent algorithms. Furthermore, based totally completely regarding the simulations, great improvement performs stay seen along the lifespan regarding a variety concerning existing lifespan maximization algorithms, anybody is a cease end result related to the newly proposed algorithm. The promoted sensor mark hard-ware trigger the PZT sensor and collect the responses acquires beyond the structural element. It moreover send collected information to an information middle because of similarly science yet analysis within an energy efficient manner using low power wireless verbal exchange technology. The brought ingress in conformity with and the evaluation atop the accrued information operate lie remotely executed by means of using a net interface. Performance effects showcase therefore a good deal the fractures great enough within consequence including purpose structural problems be able continue to be efficiently detected together with the promoter rule

A two-dimensional mathematical, model is developed to simulate the flow regime, of the upper part of Dibdibba Formation. The proposed, conceptual model, which is advocated to simulate the flow regime of aquifer is fixed for one layer, i.e. the activity of the deeper aquifer is negligible. The model is calibrated using, trial and error method. According to the calibration process, the hydraulic characteristics of the upper aquifer has been identified the hydraulic conductivity in the study area ranged (60-200) m/day while the specific, yield ranges, between, (0.08- 0.45).In this research, the obtaining of the optimum management of groundwater flow by linked simulationoptimization model. MODFLOW packages are used to simulate the flow in the system of groundwater. This model is completed with an optimization model which is depending on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Tabu Search (TS). Two management cases (fixed well location and flexible well location with the moving, well option) were considered by executing the model with adopting calibratedparameters. In the, first case the objective function is converged to a maximum value of (3.35E+5 m3 /day) by using GA, while this function is closed to 4.00E+5 m3 /day by using TS. The objective function in second case converges to the maximum value (7.64E+05m3 /day) and (8.25E+05m3 /day) when using GA and TS respectively. The choice option for the optimal location of the wells in the second case leads to an increase of 106% of the total, pumping rates, compared to the first, case. The results of the first and second cases shown that the total value of pumping rate from all pumping wells by using TS is better than the total value of pumping rate by using GA.

The primary source of water is rainfall for the generation of runoff over the land surface. Runoff or overland flow is the flow of water that occurs when excess storm water flows over the earths surface. Satellite remote sensing and GIS techniques coupled with conventional filed investigations were used for mapping of land use/land cover (LU/LC) features of the Mini Watershed of Pedda Kedari reserve forest towards estimating the runoff of the Mini watershed. The SCS-CN method (SCS, 1985) method involves the use of a simple empirical formula and readily available tables and curves. Determination of SCS curve number depends on the soil and land cover conditions, which the model represents as hydrologic soil group, cover type, treatment and hydrologic condition. Soils are classified into hydrologic soil groups (HSG) to indicate the minimum rate of infiltration obtained for bare soil after prolonged wetting. Runoff computed from a given rainfall event was integrated with the data of land use treatment, curve numbers and hydrological soil groups by using SCS-CN method. The estimated runoff contributes more than 37% of total rainfall received in the study area. The suitable locations of rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge structures are suggested to increase the groundwater levels for sustainable development of water resources in the Mini watershed of Pedda Kedari Reserve Forest.

This study is an experimental investigation that was undertaken to study the reaction a selected lateritic soil sample to stabilization with asphaltic emulsion and bagasse ash. This investigation is aimed at proffering a solution to the problem of road construction and maintenance and also building construction and maintenance with the existing and increasingly rampant situations of road failures, building failures and collapse and also failure of bridges. The undisturbed soil sample collected was mixed with 0, 4, 8, 12% asphaltic emulsion only, v then with 3, 6, 9, 12% asphaltic emulsion and 2, 4, 6, 8% bagasse ash simultaneously so as to determine the strength characteristics of the lateritic soil sample. And a series of tests were conducted on the various samples to determine their geotechnical properties and suitability in road and building constructions. From the various tests it was concluded that with the addition of the stabilization materials to the lateritic soil, there was a positive change in the geotechnical properties of the soil sample. The preliminary investigation carried out on the natural lateritic soil found in Landmark University Omu-Aran, Kwara State Nigeria shows that it falls under Group A-2-7(0) using AASHTO classification. The natural soil has a liquid limit value of 50, a plastic limit of 21.7% and a plasticity index value of 28.3%. The maximum dry density (MDD) of the soil was 1500kg/m3 and an Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) value of 23.7%. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of 21.53 KN/m2 for 28-days curing periods, respectively, were recorded for the natural soil. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of 8.89% was recorded for the natural lateritic soil. Peak UCS and CBR values of 40.48kN/m2 and 41.9% were recorded for soil treated with 9% asphaltic emulsion 6% bagasse ash. The peak CBR value met the 20 – 30 % requirement for sub-base reported by Sadeeq J.A. et al (2015) for materials compacted at optimum moisture content..

Indonesia is one of the countries that has a very high seismic intensity. To meet the standardization of the building design, several studies were conducted, including the use of base isolation in residential buildings. The base isolator consists of several layers of rubber and steel or lamination fibers which function to increase the vertical stiffness of the isolator. Some has managed to use lamination fiber to make isolator costs cheaper. This research uses fiberglass type net and woven roving types WR4 and WR6. Fiberglass is modeled according to the ASTM standard dogbone. Fiberglass is tested as a standard matrix and is a composite. As a composite, the first type is combined with 2504H Eternal resins and mepoxe catalyst, and second with adhesive lord chemlok. The effect of curing on a temperature of 150 °C was observed according to the conditions of making Low-Cost Rubber Base Isolation (LCRBI) on the printing machine. The result, fiberglass type Net matrix has a higher tensile strength compared to other materials. For fiberglass net matrix composite has increased tensile strength in the oven for 1 hour and returns to the oven for 2 hours at 150 °C. While the composites of the WR4 and WR6 matrix materials have tensile strengths below 500 MPa and have a relatively small increase and decrease in value. Net type fiberglass is suitable to be used as reinforcement on low-cost rubber base isolation for residential areas, where with a small service load from the house it is needed a base isolator that is not too stiff (optimal elastic). In addition, the fiberglass type net has a hollow shape, allowing the layer between the rubbers to be more perfect for perfect attachment

The major construction material that cost more are cement and gravel which makes buildings costly. Palm kernel shells are locally available materials which can be used in place of gravel. Previous works on the kernel shell shows that the strength determined have met with the building requirements. Concrete is the most common material used in construction, various research work and experience gained shows that the quality and durability of concrete depend mostly on the properties of its constituent, mix design, method of preparation, curing etc. have their influence on it. Tests results have shown that kernel shell concrete of mix ratio 1:2:4 has average compressive strength of 5.6 N/mm2 at 14days curing while 12.47 N/mm2 at 28days of curing. Palm kernel shell produces a concrete with a lower compressive strength in comparison with normal concrete with gravel. The project in conclusion was a success as it took into consideration the economic status quo of the population. This project help to provide new materials affordable for the low income earners which helps in producing low cost houses and this does not remove the criteria of performance for a material

In this paper, a new type of generalizedtupled common fixed point and weakly in Fuzzy metric space are introduced and studied, we also and uniqueness for generalized tupled common fixed point weakly compatible. A generalized tuplet common mappings are established compatible mappings in Fuzzy discuss the existence and uniqueness for mappings having weakly compatible. A theorems for these mappings

A modified algorithm for estimating the limits of the dual problem solution with the branching order determination for solving the tasks of providing cyber security and protection of information in information and communication transport systems (ICTS) is proposed. Effective influence of the prior branching order determination of variables is experimentally tested. It is proved that the use of the algorithm improved will increase the validity of the decisions made at the stages of ICTS design. The proposed algorithm is universal and can be applied to solve a wide range of optimization tasks.

The current paper is a report on the preparation and testing of 10 reinforced concrete column specimens of (120x120) mm2 cross section and 1000 mm height, for the experimental clarification of the behavior of columns under the influence of pure axial loads. The research addresses the influences of some parameters and conditions on the mentioned behavior, including concrete type (normal strength, high strength or modified reactive powder concrete), the amount of reinforcement and the percentage of steel fibers. The effects of the above variables on the ultimate capacity, failure mode, stiffness, ductility and axial load-lateral displacement behavior were studied. It has been found that increasing the compressive strength and steel reinforcement ratio lead to increasing the ultimate capacity and stiffness of the tested columns. The effectiveness of increasing the steel fibers ratio is manifest in increasing the ultimate strength, ductility, and decreasing the stiffness and the ductility of the tested columns.

Aesthetic problems (some posts also called beauty) appear in the works of art, such as visual art, movement/dance, including architecture. aesthetics (beauty) can be identified by two (2) characteristics, namely emotional and intellectual. aims of this paper discussed the notion of aesthetics first, then the concept of modern architecture. because of modern design to that of the function, form and structure and construction, then briefly even this had to be discussed.

Total Suspended particulate matter which includes RPM (Respirable Particulate Matter) and NRPM (Non Respirable Particulate Matter) serves as an important tool to determine the ambient air quality. This study reveals the concentration of RPM, NRPM and SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) at all the sampling stations to be dangerous to plants, animals and human beings. The sampling stations fall under the category of industrial, residential and sensitive zones. As the cement industries happen to be the main establishment of this area it is highly important to understand about the ambient air quality. The statistical analysis reveals a positive correlation for Annanagar between the day and night values of SPM and the correlation was found to be a bit lesser between RPM, NRPM and SPM during both day and night of all the areas, But still there is no negative correlation noticed between the data.

In present work forward osmosis (FO) process was used as a novel process for the removal of Cd+2 ions from wastewater. Cellulose acetate (CA) membrane used as flat sheet membrane for Cd+2 ions removal. MgSO4.7H2O with different concentration was used as draw solution. Influence of different parameters was studied such as concentration of draw solutions ranged (10-150 g/l), concentration of feed solutions (10-200 mg/l), flow rate of draw solutions (30-100 l/hr), flow rate of feed solutions (30- 100 l/hr), and temperature of both feed and draw solution (10-40oC) at constant pressure 0.3 bar gauge. The results proved that when the draw solution concentration, flow rate of feed solution, and temperature of both feed solution and draw solution increased, the water flux increase. Water flux decreased by increasing cadmium ions concentration in feed solution, operating time of experiment, and flow rate of draw solution. Cadmium ions concentration in feed solution effluent increased when concentration of feed solution increased, time of experimental work, draw solution concentration, feed solution flow rate, and temperature of feed and draw solutions and decreased with increasing draw solution flow rate. According to the results obtained, forward osmosis process can be used to recover Cd+2 ions contaminated wastewater with removal efficiency 78.87% after 3 hrs. Reverse salt flux of MgSO4.7H2O through the CA membrane decreased with time which reached 23.34 g/m2 .h after 3 hrs.

Multiple Dependent State Repetitive Sampling(MDSRS) plan is a combination of Multiple deferred state sampling plan as well as repetitive sampling plan.This paper deals with multiple dependent repetitive state sampling plan for certain attribute control chart with respect to Poisson, gamma Poisson, fuzzy Poisson andfuzzy Binomial distributions. The average run length for various distributions in MDSRS are tabulated. Graphical illustrations are also made. The average run lengths are compared for smaller shifts in the process using control charts for different parameter values. The proposed method will be much useful in industry during monitoring of manufacturing process. An example of earthquake data set from UCI respiratory is considered and the average run length is computed based on fuzzy Poisson distribution.

In the last ten years or a little more, CFRP strips and fabrics have been successfully externally bonded to rehabilitate the concrete structures. Most of the previous research focused on the use of CFRP as an enhanced material to improve flexural, shear, ductility and ductility behaviour and confinement of concrete structural members, while limited attention was paid to the investigation of strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) members against torsion, particularly continuous concrete beams. This study aims to detect experimentally the CFRP strengthening technique for continuous RC beams exposed to pure torsion. The experimental program includes investigation of two groups of beams; the first group was composed of twelve un-strengthened beam specimens and the second one includes a total of twelve strengthened beam specimens; all were experienced under pure torsion. Factors considered in the testing program included the effects of concrete compressive strength and the angel of a twist. The angle of twist at each level of force applications, torque at first crack, ultimate torque was to be in comparison with for control and strengthened beams. The outcomes of the tests indicated that all beams wrapped with CFRP fabrics resulted in improvement in tensional resistance as compared with the reference specimens

This research describes opportunities to incorporate environmental, economic, and social sustainability into- transportation decision-making throughout the use of performance measures. That allows to quickly observe all effects on operation of arterials in CBD sector at Hilla city. CBD sector (Sector 2) at Hilla city has arterials network with 26 links and 9 nodes. For calculating
CST (composite sustainability transport index), the data collected consists of delay, noise, and observed accidents for both links and adjacent main nodes within CBD and measuring all gases pollutants for main nodes only. According to
CST values within Hilla CBD arterial network, the overall evaluation of sustainability operation level is moderate for links and low for main adjacent nodes. That means needing for better organization of traffic operation for link and reorganization or implementation of new infrastructure projects for main nodes with support public transport.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the possibilities of using denitrification dephosphatation to enhance biogenic compounds removal in the wastewater treatment plant using a separated nitrification process on a fixed-film. The analysis was based on the multi-variant simulations of the combined system, fixed-film activated sludge performance. Activated sludge ASIM 2D model which is linked to the model of pollutions transformations in fixed-film was used. The analyses were performed based on the input parameters (wastewater averaged daily rate, pH, COD values, total suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and alkalinity). The results indicated that there is a possibility of including fixed-film in the activated sludge technology in order to improve nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the wastewater. Nitrification process will be performed in fixed-film, whereas nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the wastewater will be performed in anoxic chambers which are operated by the activated sludge technology. Denitrifying dephosphatation process guarantees a high level of total phosphorus reduction (81%) if the whole easily decomposable substrate is consumed by microorganisms in the anoxic chamber in the presence of enough nitrates

The ultimate capacities of single piles utilized in ten projects in Basra-Iraq are evaluated using: various interpretations of pile load test results; several static methods based on site investigation programs; and the finite element method via (PLAXIS-3D).For the well-behaved tests, it is realized that the load-settlement data can be best fitted by a hyperbola. Accordingly, Rollberg method well-harmonizes the test results and allows various interpretation methods to be applied on the extrapolated curves. It is found that, the static methods spread over a wide range of values. Finite element analyses exhibited good agreement to the measured values. It produces failure loads, almost, similar to that obtained from Rollberg method. The finite element analyses revealed local settlement of (0.6% - 1.8%) of the pile diameter to mobilize the ultimate skin resistance

This study aims to analyze the effect of the National Health Insurance Program on Economic Growth, HDI and Poverty. It analyzes the Effect of Health Government Expenditures on Economic Growth, HDI and Poverty. It analyzes the Effect of Government Spending on Health Infrastructure on Economic Growth, HDI and Poverty. It analyzes the Effects of Economic Growth and HDI as Mediation on the Effect of JKN on Health and Infrastructure Expenditures on Hospitals for Poverty. Data analysis using the path analysis approach. To support quantitative analysis, the Path Analysisapproach is used. The results showed that the National Health Insurance program significantly affected Economic Growth. Health government spending greatly influences economic growth. Government expenditure on Hospital Infrastructure greatly influences Economic Growth. Economic growth does not mediate the effect of National Health Insurance on the level of Poverty through Economic Growth and the Human Development Index as an Intervening Variable. The National Health Insurance does not affect the level of poverty through Economic Growth and the Human Development Index. Health expenditure does not affect the level of poverty through economic growth and the human development index as an intervening variable. Hospital Infrastructure Development does not affect the level of Poverty through Economic Growth and the Human Development Index as an Intervening Variable.

The purpose of this paper is to facilitate construction project team members to figure out the factors that they must firmly monitor to complete projects without any dispute and also to predict construction dispute attributes during the course of a project. The study conferred here is an extension of past research in which 53 project dispute attributes were determined based on expert’s opinion and literature survey which after analysis resulted in 4 factors which have been used to develop the dispute attribute prediction model based on artificial neural networks (ANN). The analyses of the responses led to the conclusion that factors such as Time phasing and requisite contracting legislation, Project financials and client contractor partnering, Quality and risk management under ambiguity, Non-responsive owner and unrealistic contractor rules significantly affect the project dispute attributes. The best prediction model was found to be a 5-9-1 feed forward neural network based on back propagation algorithm with a mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) of 12.22 percent

The article is devoted to the problem of development and application of information technologies in the strategic management of industrial enterprises under uncertainty based on mathematical modeling. The purpose of the article is to develop tools that support decision-making when choosing strategic guidelines for the development of enterprises using economic and mathematical methods. The study of the system of strategic management of industrial enterprises, which has the property of development, based on the application of the methodology of system analysis. A model of the strategic management process in the form of a logical structure containing a combined decisionmaking procedure for solving problems, ranging from the study of the environment and the development of the mission, and ending with the creation of economic and mathematical tools and its use to evaluate decisions. The economic and mathematical tools to support decision-making on the strategic guidelines for the development of industrial enterprises in the conditions of stochastic uncertainty. As the characteristics of the cost-effectiveness of strategies selected measure of profitability. The toolkit is created in the class of simulation models and allows you to reproduce the dynamics of enterprise profits and capital costs by the method of statistical tests, as well as to predict on this basis the profitability of various options of strategic guidelines for the operation of the enterprise. The constructed economic and mathematical models are algorithmized and implemented in a software product. The article demonstrates the work of the software product in the course of simulation experiments and their processing in the evaluation of the selected strategic benchmark in terms of profitability. The built model tools are designed for use in industrial enterprises to support strategic decisions.

The beginning of the art of acting in cinema depends on the technical development of the industry. Cinema began to present silent films because of the lack of technical means for recording sound at the time. The actors expressive role in performing the dramatic character he represents in the film depends mainly on his physical abilities the embodiment of emotions in all situations that pass through the personality of the cinematic film. Many academic studies have compared and searched for differences in the performance of the theater and film actor. A study did not address the cinematic performance of a theater actor. The performance of the actor through the screen is also a feature of the cinematic performance of the scene. The combination of expressive techniques used by the audiovisual arts in a presentation designed to convey an idea to the recipient through the integration of artistic elements into a form of artistic creativity that has unity and aesthetic harmony must include the performance of the actor in the presentation. Therefore, studies and research should be conducted to identify this representative performance in the presentation.

This study aims to investigate the effect of single cavity when it presence at a specific location within the homogenous soil, on the behavior of seepage and uplift pressure under a hydraulic structure. The results are analyzed to introduce deterministic formulae for calculating the amount of seepage and the uplift pressure head. The work was done in three stages by using experimental investigation; the first stage includes 36 models of 75mm in diameter cavity, while the second and the third stages includes eight models for each with 100mm and 34mm diameter of cavity, respectively. The results shows that, when the cavity presence at the left side its impact was positive on the seepage behavior. While the influence was changed to a negative impact when the cavity presence at the right side, except at some specific locations. The statistical software has been employed to generate the two deterministic formulae, and the results of multiple regressions are checked by statistical indices for the purpose of recognizing the reliability of the proposed formulae.

Identifying the genus of chicken or chicken cells has biological and industrial significance. Specifying sex in bird species is one of the main points of bird breeding. The mechanisms for controlling or detecting the sex of eggs are not yet known in birds, but the nature of the variation in the size of the egg, as well as some surface and natural contrasts differences for the chick or chicken between the sexes, may shed some light on the procedures involved. In this research conducted a review of a number of ways to know the sex of eggs as well as for newly chick hatching.

The urban population of India was 37.11crs as per the Census count of 2011 showing a decadal growth of 31.82% in comparison to the on 12.3% and 17.7% growth in rural population and overall population respectively (Planning Commission, 2014). The maximum growth in population has been witnessed in class I cities. Bhubaneswar is a Class-I as well as the largest and the most populous city of Odisha. During the period 2001-11 the density of population in the city has increased at a rapid pace of 24.86% to 3553 persons per sq km. Apart from natural growth ,rural urban migration to the city is being influenced by better infrastructure like schools and colleges, hospitals, housing, roads, electricity, water supply, drainage etc. All the above mentioned factors are simultaneously witnessing pressure due to rising number of users. Water supply and organized drainage system are vital components for any human settlement. Lack of quality water supply and poor drainage and sewerage system can lead to multiple health hazards. An estimate puts that globally 2.5 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation facilities (UNICEF /WHO, 2009). The above situation calls for an urgent attention of the urban planners in our country to make adequate provision for safe drinking water supply along with improved drainage and sanitation to ensure the well-being of its inhabitants.

Universities have been identified as knowledge creation centres, where knowledge can be created and transferred for social and economic benefits and advancement. What makes them relevant now is that we are in the knowledge era where knowledge has become the currency for facilitating sustainable development; hence, the role of universities, as knowledge creation centres, has become more relevant. This relevance is reflected in their potential to generate ideas and knowledge that can become products and companies when harnessed. The gap, however, has been that a lot of the knowledge created by universities has not gone beyond the idea or prototype stage. This study, thus, proposes a framework to harness knowledge created in and by universities to take them from the concept stage to the product stage and then to the startup stage, hence, making them factories for startup companies. This is essential for harnessing the commercial value of knowledge. This study, therefore, presents a structure on how Nigerian universities can become factories for shipping startup companies that create value, opportunities and wealth, through their entrepreneurial efforts.

Models are sometimes employed to determine some parameters that can be used to distinguish between different types of food samples. Rheological models can be used to predict flow for severe conditions where it is difficult to determine the nature of the fluid flow, consequently it is essential to select the appropriate rheological models. This study aims to propose a rheological model that describes an ideal cassava starch rheological behavior and its influence on state variables such as concentration and temperature in order to validate the rheological models. In this study, five rheological models (namely; Power-law model, Robertson-stiff model, Herschel-Bulkey model, Prandtl-Eyring model and Bigham plastic model) were amended into various statistical model by adding the error variance (e). This study concludes that Herschel-Bulkley model and Robertson-stiff model closely explain the rheological patterns occurring during the production of cassava starch. The sensitivity evaluation of other rheological models demonstrate that the validity of Power-law model, Herschel-Bulkley model and Robertson stiff model is not notably influenced by changes in concentration and temperature of the cassava starch. Nevertheless, the Prandtl-Eyring and Bingham plastic models are noted to have less reliable prediction at lower temperature and higher concentration respectively.

The concept of universal design is a design ideology that targets accommodating the accessibility and usability needs of everyone regardless of their ability or disability. It is however observed that in Nigeria, some educational facilities and environments are to some extent inaccessible to the mobility impaired. This is as a result of avoidable design solutions that are inadequate to meet the needs of all potential users. Where educational facilities are inaccessible or difficult to reach for any user group, such situation is capable of depriving those affected, the opportunity of acquiring the education needed to advance in life. To this end, this study investigated design and construction solutions that constitute barriers to achieving universal design compliance of academic buildings in universities in Nigeria, with a view to finding ways of improving accessibility to such buildings and their facilities for users, regardless of their mobility status. The study was a multiple case study research that adopted qualitative research approaches to collect, analyze and present data. The result showed that the areas that constitute barriers to achieving universal design in the academic buildings range from lack of equitable accessibility provisions, inappropriate access provisions, nonflexible usability provisions among others. This indicates that for the academic buildings to be able to adequately meet the accessibility and usability needs of all category of users, there is a need to eliminate the identified designed barriers preventing universal design compliance in them by retrofitting the structures with inclusive design features. To this end, some recommendations which includes, carrying out a phased renovation of the existing academic buildings, as well advising the management of universities in Nigeria to ascertain that subsequent routine and periodic maintenance works in their institutions comply with UD parameters before implementation, were made.

The purpose of this study was to obtain a relationship between the ratio of BOD/COD and partition coefficient octanol/water (Pow) for glucose, lactose, sucrose, formaldehyde, acetic acid and oxalic acid. This relationship was supported by the toxicity test of each organic material on fish. The results show that the lower the BOD/COD ratio, the higher the Pow coefficient, which means more organic matter leads to biomass. Among the organic materials studied, formaldehyde has the lowest BOD/COD ratio (<0.1) and highest Pow (>4) and was supported by the results of its toxicity in fish having the lowest LC-50 (24 mg/L). Whereas lactose has the highest BOD/COD ratio (>0.9) and lowest Pow (<0.7) with the highest LC-50 (851 mg/L). The rest of the organic substances have characteristics in the range of lactose and formaldehyde

The main idea of designing professional competence of the regional agrarian elite is to provide the leaders of the student community with the opportunity of active social practice of making management decisions, developing social responsibility and striving for continuous excellence through participation in the development of the management decisions based on customer feedback. To organize systematic social practices involving student leaders, who will be the regional agrarian elite in the future; it is necessary to accumulate the work of the university to provide feedback to students in the relevant structural units of the university and student assets engaged in work to ensure the quality of education. The implementation of such idea will allow the formation of institutional mechanisms: a regulatory framework, documented procedures, algorithms of information exchanges of stakeholders for the development and adoption of effective decisions, which are generally aimed at ensuring the professional competence of the regional agrarian elite

Lately, the application of lean has been applied in service companies with the same objectives, namely the elimination of waste and increased efficiency of all resources. As the global economy grows and develops, they are committed to achieving improvements like that. The current economic indications are marked by budget cuts and cost reduction but are still able to produce a good business performance. This paper, we will explore waste that occurs along the value stream; especially in the public sector, more specifically in industrial sports.

There is a great progress in modeling advances and the great increasing in the computational resources in recent years. However, nowadays it is feasible to perform 2-D urban flood simulations at very high spatial resolutions and to conduct the flood risk assessments based on the topography. In this study, the sensitivity of flood loss estimation is obtained in such micro-scale analyses to the spatial representation of the buildings in the 2D flood inundation model and distribution flood based on the topography. The results show that topography has a limited effect on the exposure values (i.e. the number of elements at risk), but it can have a significant impact on the hazard values that attributes to the DEM data.

Information about the variability of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature is a reference to determine the potential fishing area (fishing ground). This study aims to determine the variation of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature effects on Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis) fish catches in the waters of Sawu sea, East Nusa Tenggara. Predictions of potential areas of skipjack capture are determined based on statistical analysis and multitemporal analysis. The results showed that variations in chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature were very influential with the catches of Cakalang in the waters of Sawu. Chlorophyll-a increases in the East season (JuneAugust) and at the beginning of Transition II (September), so this season has the potential to catch Cakalang fish.

The purpose of this study is to know the sociology of farming farmer’s cassava in Muting District. Research needs to be done because by knowing the pattern and life expectancy of the community at the village level can be the basis for the preparation of planning action of tapioca flour factory development in Merauke. The type of research is field survey research using the method of data acquisition purposive sampling. Results of field data and information indicate that the community in Muting District consists of local and non-local communities. Most people have livelihoods as farmers. Agricultural system applied that is agriculture traditional. Local people for their daily life have livelihoods from hunting, fishing and farming in the garden or yard. The results of hunting, fishing, and cultivation are used for family consumption needs, but if there is a new residue will be sold to the home environment. While nonlocal farmers have the main livelihood as fruit farmers other than currently farmers working in oil palm plantations that operate the Muting area. Farmers in Muting cultivate cassava in small areas, cassava is only cultivated in the yard and more in family consumption and the largest land area of 1 ha. With 1 ha of planting area, farmers are still experiencing marketing constraints. The marketing constraints of cassava ie the distance to the market center is very far and the cost of transportation is high. If marketed to Muting and the surrounding environment, the low purchasing power of people, because the people in general have a cassava plant even in the yard and was quite consumed by the family. Cassava consumption by the community in Merauke is not a staple food but only as a side food and food diversification efforts are still very low.

This research investigated the effect of adding pegs along the bamboo reinforcement in order to increase the bonding strength of bamboo reinforcement. Present experiment employed 24 beam specimens, sized 18 cm x 28 cm x160 cm. The variations of the concrete materials were 23 MPa and 31 MPa with 6 cm and 12 cm peg spaces, and reinforcement ratio of 0.8% and 1.6%. Two Control specimens conducted without pegs along the beam were made from 23 MPa concrete strength with reinforcement ratio 0.8%, and a 31 MPa concrete beam with 1.6% reinforcement ratio. By using pegs along the reinforcements, all specimens showed higher strength capacity of beam structures. Moreover, the addition of pegs caused the bamboo to reach 70% of its maximum strength.

The rapid drawdown effects directly on the stability of upstream slope of earth dams, where the seepage direction will be in the reverse direction due to emergency emptiness, which causes flow from downstream to upstream through the dam body, such flow may be not considered in design. In this research two cases of rapid drawdown are adopted, in the first case, the reservoir is empty from service canal (outlet flow) where the discharge of this canal is 200 m3 /sec. In the second case, the reservoir is empty by spillway canal with discharge capacity equal to 2750 m3/sec. The results show that the discharge from spillway takes a few hours which threaten the dam stability compering with allowable factor of safety while discharge from outlet flow service takes a few days and the threaten was nominal, both of them under rapid drawdown condition .

Covenant University location navigation system (CU Naviloc) built on the Android platform is a mobile based system which can be easily accessed from an android mobile device across any location, downloadable on Google play store and deployable anywhere in the world. In this study,Computer-aided design as well as building Information modelling (CAD/BIM) system applications were introduced to the simulation of Covenant University, a smart and compact campus whose edifice elaborates the need for the development of a three dimensional (3D) virtual model of locations as an advancement over the existing 2D model representation of maps on the Google map and Google Earth platform. Therefore, this research work outlays the development of three dimensional models (CU NAViLoc Model) for details of information at Covenant University as well as the requirements for its development and implementation for cooperate representation of the institution. A three dimensional map of CU was packaged into a location navigation system and was implemented using Unreal Engine, Trimble SketchUp and Revit to effect a user friendly, smarter and multi-dimensional viewable user interface. CU Naviloc explore the advantage of the rich benefits of building information models and geographic information systems to build a free-roam navigator, based on a well-updated model of Covenant University location map. The benefits of this system is not limited to 3D capability, real time similarity, portability, no downtime on access, and progressive scalability with zero or little loss of data. The usage of the CU Naviloc system requires free download and installation of the app and internet presence

A methodology for assessing the processes of dust formation and transfer from the external dumps of overburden rocks, formed near the Alekseevsky quarry of building materials in the Republic of Mordovia, was proposed in the Article. The basic element of this assessment is in consideration the physical-geographical characteristics of the quarry area, including basic meteorological characteristics and coefficients determining the dispersion conditions of pollutants, combined with an analysis of the geometric characteristics of the dump and the properties of the dump rocks. The proposed method includes the use of sieve analysis of dusting material soaring in the air, as well as computer simulation using the “Ecolog” software package. It was established, investigated dusty material is largely composed of particles that are a subtype of microscopic dust, 0.4 mm in size. Spherical particles and irregular polyhedrons are the predominant. This form is primarily associated with the genesis and structure of overburden and host rocks of sedimentary origin. As a result of the sieve analysis, the spatial patterns of dusting material distribution, blown off from the dump, were established. When moving away from the overburden dump, large particles from the dust flow quickly precipitate. Already at a distance of 10 m, the number of particles larger than 1.6 mm decreases sharply, and at a distance of 50 m particles larger than 0.63 mm make about 5% in a dust flow. The bulk of dust particles have a size of less than 0.14 mm at a distance of more than 70 m. As a result of the application of the “Ecologist” software complex, a prognostic map of inorganic dust dispersion from overburden dumps in the summer was built, considering that another similar dump was being formed simultaneously with the existing dump, which has practically exhausted the possibility of overburden accumulation. As recommendations for reducing dust emission from existing and projected dumps, it was proposed to fix their surfaces with a biogenic or chemical protective layer.

A method for processing the waste of sugar production - defecate and beet pulp - into highly effective biohumus fertilizer was proposed in the Article. The defecate, dry pulp and spent litter straw were mixed at a ratio of 2:1:1 by volume, and periodically moisturized to a moisture level of 70%. After that, representatives of the derived subspecies of earthworms Eisenia foetida were added into the substrate, according to the standards 10-12 pcs. on 1 l of mix. Laboratory analysis of the physico-chemical properties of the defecate, beet pulp and biohumus found that the organic fertilizer obtained according to the proposed scheme has a close to neutral acidity, and the ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids is close to optimal. The remaining agrochemical indicators also make it possible to consider the resulting biohumus to comply with all the necessary norms of this type of fertilizer. To evaluate the agrotechnical effectiveness of biohumus, an experimental method was proposed and tested on an experimental site with sod-podzolic soil. The soil section and agrochemical characteristics of investigated soil profile were given in the article. Control soil without any fertilizer, pork manure, rotted chicken dung, peat and biohumus are offered as investigated soils. As a result of the experiment on the evaluation of agrotechnical effectiveness of biohumus obtained, it was found that the maximum growth of humus content of sod-podzolic soil was achieved with the introduction of biohumus - 30.6%, while the coefficient of humification was 0.21. The bioeffectiveness assessment experiment established that biohumus prepared on the basis of defecate, beet pulp and litter straw has a positive effect on Domodedovsky potato varieties. The number of tubers and their weight increased, and the yield increased by 30-40% relative to the control plot without fertilizer

The fire protection system generally uses a sprinkler, the sprinkler head / head will break and the water radiates in all directions to extinguish the fire but also damages electronic equipment, this research can minimize damage by designing sprinklers that direct water spray in certain areas detected by the sensor. Integrating fire protection systems with electrical installation systems to prevent fires. Build a web-based intelligent information system that is integrated between fire protection systems and electrical installation systems. The research method has 4 stages, namely stage I, preparation of all the tools and materials needed, making a controlled sprinkler prototype directing the spray. Perform testing until this system works properly. Phase II, the making of an electrical installation panel that has been connected to a sprinkler, creates a system that is integrated through the web site between the fire protection system and the buildings electrical installation system. Stage III, testing equipment until it is successful. Stage IV, making research reports into a dissertation, publishing in national and international journals. From this research, a prototype sprinkler system has succeeded in directing the jet of water directly to the hotspot. The system simulation works at the maximum distance according to the effective sprinkler beam which is 90 cm. The blackout time depends on the position of the fire in the sprinkler range. The fire point located on the scanning path farthest from the starting point requires a relatively longer blackout time than the hotspot near the starting point of scanning. Intelligent sprinkler systems and electrical installation systems have been integrated through the web service.

The purpose of this paper is to critically review the papers published in the area of infrastructure design, environmental design, construction of houses, and crime and built environment. The paper aims to critically evaluate the available evidence on the contribution of crime prevention through environmental design as a crime prevention strategy (design modification or hard control using better and developed infrastructure). Design methodology– structured literature review approach is adopted to analyze the previously published papers. Findings – The review concludes that there is a growing body of research that supports the assertion that CPTED is effective in reducing both crime and fear of crime in the community. The findings also conclude that only very little amount of work has been done in the area of crime against women/women’s fear of crime and built environment. Research limitations/implications – Although the paper may not review all the evaluations of CPTED, it nonetheless provides a detailed compilation and overview of the most significant research in the area using a structured literature review. Practical implications – CPTED is an increasingly fashionable approach and is being implemented on a global scale.

Main objective of the executed researches was justification of the location of entry providing its maintenance in a bearing pressure zone. Researches were carried out for conditions of the Prokopyevsk and Kiselevsky field of the Kuznetsk coal basin (Russia). Researches were conducted by a finite element method. When performing researches the provision entry relative of a regional part of the massif and property of coal changed. As a result of researches influence of strength of coal and the location of entry on the stress and strain state of the massif is established and the conclusion is drawn on need of increase in height of a slice up to 10 m. Recommendations of increase in height of each subsequent slice at mining of soft coals are also made. The novelty of work consists in establishment of dependences of the stress and strain state of the massif on height of the mining slice

Planning is a guideline in implementing the project so that development can be implemented in accordance with the time and cost planned. Control discrepancy between initial plan and realization that exists in implementation project required a project management, therefore required optimization analysis of project duration, so it can be known how long a project is completed and look for the possibility of project acceleration implementation by Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) or critical path method. This research aims to apply Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Project Management (CPM) methods to find optimize solutions and control the performance of time and cost in project scheduling. The research method used case study method at hospital project in Bogor District, Indonesia, by collecting data direct observation and interview results at contractor. Based on these data, create a schedule by using PERT and CPM methods, which will be measured performance of time performance and project cost which is expected to overcome the problem of controlling and completion of project. The results of this study, using PERT and CPM methods proved to optimize the project. Based on calculation by PERT method reduce duration of work: 12 days (13, 18%). Based on calculation by CPM method reduce duration of work: 31 days (34, 06%) but direct cost increase 112.208,300, - rupiahs (0, 25%).

Transportation is a crucial factor in improving agricultural productivity. It enhances the quality of life of the people, creates a market for agricultural produce, facilitates interaction among geographical and economic regions and opened up new areas to economic focus. The link between the farmers and consumers is enhanced by efficient transport mechanism for constant inflow of farm produce. The economic investigation into how this process is undertaken is necessary for the profitability of any business venture. This research investigates the crucial role transportation plays in kola nut production using survey research technique. A total of 100 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. This represents 20% of the registered kola nut farmers in Remo land, Ogun state. Sagamu Local Government Area has 40% of the respondents while 30% each were from Ikenne and Remo North Local Government Areas. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics. This study revealed that an improved transportation will encourage farmers to produce more, add value to their produce, and reduce spoilage and wastage. Efficient transport helps to move inputs and workers to and fro the farm as well as products to markets and agro-allied industries. Adequate transportation have positive impact on farmers’ productivity, income, employment and poverty reduction in the rural areas

The economic growth of districts/cities in North Sumatra is relatively more lower than other regions. This research found that financial decisions have a great influence on economic growth. Local government budget determines economic growth. While Local government budget allocates focus for routine expenditure rather than development expenditure, so economic growth going to decrease. The study also found that the economic environment, legal environment, political environment and social environment determine financial decisions in a local government. Besides that the results of the study conclude the political environment influences economic growth while the economic environment, legal and social environment does not affect economic growth.

Main objective of the executed researches was assessment of the stress and strain state of the rock massif at a normal fault for definition of the rational location of entries of the panel. Numerical simulations were carried out for conditions of flat coal mining by longwall at a normal fault of less than seam displacement. The analysis of the existing normative documents actual scientific researches and issues investigating influence of a fault was made. The possibility of use of numerical simulations for assessment of level of stress at fault is shown and recommendations about arrangement of longwall panel entries are made. The novelty of researches consists in establishment of dependence of the stress and strain state of the rock massif at a fault from the major geological and mining factors.

The awareness on seismic design for reinforced cement concrete (RCC) beamcolumn (BC) joint was started with publication of ACI-ASCE 352 report in 1976. In past earthquakes, several RCC buildings were suffered by severe damages/collapses. These failures were occurred due to the usage of poor detailing in joint and insufficient anchorage of beam longitudinal bars. The research on the BC joint was started in 1967 and extensive research has been carried out on studying the behaviour of RCC joints under seismic condition through experimental and analytical studies. There are different methods of reinforcing techniques have been developed over the years and their main aim was to determine the effective reinforcing technique for beam-column joint which include easy to adopt, effective performance, economical and cost-effective. This paper gives an overview of the use of different reinforcing techniques used in beam-column joint so far. The objective of this paper is to critically review the different techniques developed so far with reference to the effect of each technique and outlined the salient features of each technique.

Understanding the relationship between brand experience, brand personality, brand value, brand satisfaction, and brand loyalty is a critical issue for both academics and brand marketers. A sample of 889 respondents Middle-Class Millenial took part in this study. An Empirical investigation was carried out to validate the framework through measurement reliability and validity using PLS SEM model. The findings show very tight competition between TV brands in providing brand experience, value, and satisfaction to consumers. Korean TV brands were able to defeat Japanese TV brands in the millennial middle-class market. The result for this research is direct effect shows brand experience has a positive and significant effect on brand personality, brand value, and brand loyalty. Brand experience has no significant effect on band satisfaction. Indirect Path Coefficient shows brand personality is a mediating variable between brand experience, brand value, brand satisfaction, and brand loyalty. Brand Value also a mediating variable between brand experience, brand satisfaction, and brand loyalty. Brand satisfaction is not mediating variable between brand experience and brand loyalty. This paper also recommends empirical and practical implication.

The study aims to explore the problems and difficulties of students speaking English language for Engineering students hailing from rural background. The study moreover aims to explore the causes of such difficulties. The researcher designed certain tasks based on Task based language teaching on the sample of the study. These tasks are applied for each student to investigate speaking difficulties and the causes of such difficulties. The results showed and indicated that there are some difficulties in speaking English due to fear of making mistakes, anxiety, shyness and lack of confidence. The researcher identified to provide environment support and encourage the students to speak English frequently

Main objective of the executed researches was assessment of the strain-stress condition of regional parts of pillar for definition of a possibility of formation of coal congestions, prone to spontaneous ignition, in goafs of extraction longwall panels. Analytical researches were carried out for the wide range of geological and mining conditions of mining of flat coal seams by longwall. When performing researches equations for definition of the strain-stress condition of regional parts of the coal pillar were used. As a result of researches the sizes of zones of critical condition for various conditions are determined and the conclusion is drawn on need of accounting of a condition of regional parts of coal pillars for an exception of conditions for emergence of the endogenous fires. The novelty of research consists in taking note of a condition of regional parts of coal pillar and establishment of dependence of the strain-stress condition of regional parts of coal pillars on the major mining-andgeological factors.

From the earthquake histories in Indonesia, it was shown that the most damaged buildings was residential houses. The main issues of the poor seismic performance of the residential houses was due to poor detailing and low quality of construction materials. To be able to reduce seismic hazard potential for residential houses, there was a need to implement a low cost earthquake friendly system namely the low cost base isolation.Low cost base isolation is specifically designed for the residential house usage, using local Indonesian rubber and fiber reinforcement. In this paper three types of Indonesian rubber will be tested, namely RB 35, RB 70 and RB 90. The results shows that supposedly harder RB 70 Modulus was only higher at low strain level, but having lower Modulus at high strain level. It was also shown the hardest RB 90 having pretty low elongation before it breaks, making it risky touse for base isolator. The overall results shows that the RB 35 having highest elongation before it breaks and moderate Modulus is the most suitable for the low cost base isolation usage

In recent years, stiffened plate girders have been used extensively for long spans due to its high flexural rigidity and buckling resistance. While designing, the amount of costly steel used in a girder can be reduced by adopting optimum dimensions for web depth, web thickness, flange thickness, flange breadth and spacing of stiffeners. Such design can finally result in an economical design. Indian standards have code provisions which can be used for design of stiffened plate girders. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to developing efficiency based standards in the design of plate girders. These efficiency based standards in the form of design charts can help a designer in the economical design of stiffened plate girders considering strength and serviceability conditions. Herein, relationships between the design variables are developed using genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization formulation. Both transversely stiffened and corrugated web plate girders are considered. The relationships are further used to develop design charts which can be useful for design engineers. The design charts are developed considering strength and serviceability conditions as specified by the IS 800:2007.

Savings and investments from Individuals and households is one among the indicator of a nation’s economic development. More income results in both higher spendable income and higher savings and investments. The individual income is increasing in one side and on the other side the investment options too have increased from bank, post office savings to financial assets, Options, Forward, Currency derivatives. Construction industry has revolutionized the employment pattern in India. They are noted for higher pay and providing employment opportunity. Therefore this paper focuses on the investment awareness, perception on expected and actual rate of return of individual investor among civil construction professionals in Coimbatore. Findings are drawn from the analysis of the primary data collected form 600 employees of top 10 construction companies operating in Coimbatore. Cross tabulation and ANOVA test were applied to measure the extent of investment awareness and perception on expected and actual rate of return.

Pirates are acts of loot taking place on the sea or the coast and are acted upon by illegal maritime forces. Piracy is an international crime, piracy that directly threatens the lives and lives of seafarers, strongly impacts maritime activity as well as economic development [1]. The global damage caused by piracy is estimated at $ 6.6 to $ 6.9 billion through commercial fraud, loss of cargo or delay. Even pirates can cause political instability due to state officials corruption.

Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable materials now a days. Pervious concrete is a zero slump, open graded material consisting of hydraulic cement, coarse aggregates, admixtures and water. It is sometimes referred to as nofines concrete. It is a special type of concrete having a high void content and is becoming popular due to its potential to reduce the runoff to the drainage systems. In this paper, the behavior of pervious concrete with different sizes of coarse aggregate is studied. Various mix proportions were prepared by using different sizes of coarse aggregates. The properties like permeability, porosity, density, strength and durability of pervious concrete are studied. The water cement ratio (0.31) and aggregate cement ratio are kept constant. The study is conducted experimentally for 7, 28 & 56 days. The mix proportion of coarse aggregate and its effect on properties of pervious concrete are studied and corresponding graphs are hence obtained.

Flight safety is the key focus of the activities of all aircraft enterprises and civil aviation institutions. One related risk factor is a lack or untimely receipt or use of outdated versions of the required information on regulation of the civil aircraft operating processes. For this reason, information support is the increasing focus of all aspects of the aviation services sector. Establishment of the civil aviation regulatory and guidance library is among the main means for providing information and library support in this area

The main objective of this research is to estimate the surface runoff which is generated by rainfall for a residential area in Basrah Province, south of Iraq for different recurrence intervals of rainfall. The depth of runoff is based on changing of rainfall intensity when it exceeding the rainfall intensity of 17 mm / hr (the approved value in the design of the stormwater network in the area under consideration). Two common probability techniques (Weibull and Gamma distribution) were used for developing the relationship between annual maximum rainfall intensity and recurrence intervals. Weibull and Gamma probability distribution passed the Chisquared test for degree of freedom equaled to three. EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is used for simulating a rainfall –runoff routing process. Modified Green-Ampt method is used to describe the infiltration of water into the soil. Kinematic wave routing is used for routing flows through drainage system. The recurrence intervals have been used for estimating of surface runoff are ranged from 5 to 50 years with increment is equaled to 5 years. The depth of runoff is ranged from 16.2 mm for recurrence interval (5 years) to 29.6 mm for recurrence interval (50 years); these values are related to storm with duration is equaled to one hour, while it is ranged from 49.5 mm to 101.6mm for storm duration of three hours

The CO2 laser cutting is very popular for sheet metal fabrication industries because of very accurately cutting of assembly components. So that this work concentrate about to CO2 laser cutting of austenite type stainless steel material, the Laser beam power, Cutting speed and gas pressure are very significant cutting parameter for to cut quality surface. In this work to optimize the CO2 laser cutting parameter for to cutting of Austenite stainless steel material for 3mm thickness the responses are Top kerf width and bottom kerf width are considered, Grey relay analysis method used in this work for to find out the optimized parameters for CO2 laser cutting. The output of the result laser beam power are predominate parameters to affect the quality of cut

Complexity of waste management systems makes suitable landfill sites selection to be important issues for waste management. An inappropriate landfill site may have negative environmental, economic and ecological impacts. Therefore, it should be selected carefully. Determining the location of landfill sites is a difficult and complex process because it must combine social, environmental and technical parameters. In this research work, Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used to select the suitable land fill sites in Al Baha region. Selection process of the proposed sites is based on setting of international requirements and considerations, especially geological, environmental, economic and social criteria, as well as the criteria of popular admission to suit the conditions of the studied area. Required data has been collected and analyzed using Arc GIS software. Results showed that, GIS can be successfully used in selecting the suitable landfill sites. Moreover, all suggested sites have been located in the south east part of the studied area. A map showing suitable landfill sites distribution has been derived applying GIS.

The Six Sigma is an innovative, systematic, data-driven methodology for improving processes that reduce waste and defects/errors. The dynamic measure within Six Sigma is the number of defects and identifying the causes for variation. The variations are agile that creates uncertainty in delivering the desired outcome. Service organizations are offering services at a predetermined level stated in SLA. This paper attempts to standardize, reduce variation in offering service quality through identifying the causes of variations in the project operations by establishing specifications. The study shows the deviations among the projects teams. Analysing the time-variation in resolving the problems encountered in different projects, variation in the projects lapsed the delivery content within the SLA. Results after introducing process capabilities and online auto-triggering system enabled, variation in resolution times dropped. Team members were redeployed to other projects thus time-variations is controlled with multiple business opportunities.

There are number of limitations for evaluating sustainability of any transportation system. Huge research work and studies has been carried regarding sustainable transportation and sustainability indicators. But the specific decision making methodologies for sustainability evaluation aligned with sustainability of transportation system is missing at present. Hence it is required to develop the framework for assessment of sustainability in terms of performance measures considering the prefixed goals for the purpose of planning. As a part of Multi Criteria Decision Making process, the Multi Attribute Utility Technique based methodology is adopted as the most suitable method. In this paper the sustainability index evaluation is based on combination of individual performance measures is carried out using Multi Attribute Utility Technique based methodology for emerging metropolitan city of Nagpur. The results obtained can be conveniently used in sustainability evaluation process for any corridor. It can also be utilized for comparing the results obtained through the sustainability evaluation for different scenarios.

To develop the infrastructure, Indian government spends huge Crores every year. Claims are applicable where projects are lacking in design, plans, effective management, skillful supervision, and close coordination from the client side. Today, Construction industry has ruled the claims when compared to other industries. Claims are undesirable to client due to excess of project time and project cost. Claim process facing more problems in the current situation which creates dispute between Contractor and Client. This paper discusses about the various potential claim area, most influenced causes and disputes in construction claims which can be overcome through the modified methodologies in construction claim management

Practices of event management today are used in many areas of social activity. In connection with the relevance of this topic, the article is devoted to the study of modern trends in event tourism and event management. From the standpoint of the statistical approach, the current state of the tourist sphere of the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed; the problems constraining the development of tourism in the country are disclosed. To assess the possibilities of planning events to attract tourists to the country, a marketing study was conducted among residents of cities of national importance and regions, the sample of which was 100 people. In conclusion, the main factors of regional effectiveness of events attractive to tourists are considered, which can be taken into account when developing regional plans for social and economic development; the role of the event management in the development of event tourism is shown

The approximate bound state of the nonrelativistic Schr?dinger equation was obtained with the modified trigonometric scarf type potential in the framework of asymptotic iteration method for any arbitrary angular momentum quantum number l using a suitable approximate scheme to the centrifugal term. The effect of the screening parameter and potential depth on the eigenvalue was studied numerically. Finally, the scattering phase shift of the nonrelativistic Schr?dinger equation with the potential under consideration was calculated.

This paper presents a study of finding the most effective position of RC structural walls in an RC building to resist with seismic load. Structural walls without any opening are used. By using Etabs, 5 models are created. Model 1 does not have any structural wall. Model 2, 3, 4 and 5 consist of structural walls in different positions and they are placed symmetrically in the plan view of the building. Story displacements, story-drifts and overturning moments in x and y-directions are checked and compared to each other to find the model which provides the highest stiffness. The calculation follows DPT 1302-61 code and Response spectrum equivalent static analysis method.

Smog triggered due to air pollutants and fog. Deep Learning techniques are applied to predict the smog severity. This paper presents deep learning based predictive model for various air pollutants (NO2, NOx, CO, SO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10) for metropolitan area Air pollution dataset. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is monitoring air, water, waste, etc through nationwide programs. Through National Air Quality Monitoring program, the primary and secondary air pollutants are captured and available in online. In this paper, two traditional predictive models along with deep learning technique Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) are used for predicting the air pollutants. Before training the model, the missing values and noise in dataset were imputed using mean value. Then, the models are built with LR, ARIMA, and LSTM. Finally, the models performance is measured using Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). LSTM performed better than LR and ARIMA

This paper presents the experimental investigation on concrete which attempts to utilize the industrial wastes to the possible extent and internal curing compound to promote self-compacting self-curing light weight concrete. Cinder, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), Super plasticizers and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-400) are used in the concrete mix and the tests are conducted to confirm its suitability as self-compacting self-curing concrete. The test results of air cured concrete are well comparable with that of water cured conventional concrete. Cinder, an industrial waste product is used as a light weight aggregate by partial and full replacement for coarse aggregate to satisfy the property for structural concrete and optimum use of water in the construction contribute to the sustainable development

This study used eco-friendly materials known as Periwinkle Shell Powder (PSP) in stabilizing the engineering properties of lateritic soil. Preliminary test was performed on the un-stabilized lateritic soil for the purposes of identification and classification (natural moisture content, liquid limits, plastic limits, and plasticity index). The engineering tests were conducted on the lateritic soil stabilized with additions of (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 %) PSP and OPC respectively. The result showed that cement gave a progressive increase in the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of the lateritic soil from 1875 kg/m3 (2 %) to 2294 kg/m3 (10 %) respectively. This represents 22 % increase in the MDD from the un-stabilized state. For PSP, the Maximum MDD was attained at 6 % (1974 kg/m3), representing 5.3 % increase in MDD of the soil from the unstabilized state. For both stabilizing agent, the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) increases from 13.65 % to 13.83 % and from 11.72 % to 14.41 % for Cement and Periwinkle Shell Powder respectively. PSP recorded an increase of 5.6 % of CBR value compared with OPC that recorded an increase of 34 % CBR value. The study therefore concluded that Periwinkle Shell Powder (PSP) could be considered as good stabilizer for clayey or lateritic, and its uses as a stabilizer could also provide a big relief to the environmental pollution caused by its indiscriminate dumping

The graph theory, which studies the properties of the graphs, has been widely accepted as a core subject in the knowledge of computer science. In this paper, we produced a method for developing an algorithm. The effectiveness of testing is the most important factor for determining the cost and the duration of the development of the large software products with a given quality, so the cost of testing for detecting errors in the software reaches 30-40% of the total cost of its development and largely determines its quality. The most commonly used of the testing methods are regression, function, load, module, and optimization test if the graph is sufficiently complex. The graph accelerates the testing process. We see the ways that we need to test. When they cover all graph paths, the algorithm of the program is fully tested and does not need any further development

Garri processing is a major agricultural and food related activity which leads to waste generation and this waste in turn constitute environmental problems in terms of stench smells and poor hygienic conditions that allow microbes and germs to thrive. Rural dwellers are normally poor thus the payment of electricity bills impoverishes them further. Inadequate energy supply and environmental pollution are gargantuan problems confronting Nigeria and many other developing nations of the world. In this research we estimated the cassava waste generation rate associated with processing of cassava for garri production activities and estimation of amount of biogas generation from specific mass of the waste. A simple digester is fabricated for sample digestion process. The result was then used in estimation of biogas generation potential of the garri processing mills. Five different garri processing activities were studied for statistical reliability of results. The results of the five studied garri production activities as described in the methodology were summarized in table 3.1. The quantities
,
,
 and
 were directly measured as described while the
and
 were calculated in each cell of table 3.1 as differences
=
-
and
 =
-
. The sum of waste generated in each of the studied activity  is given in equation (3.1). The counted number of bags for each studied activity was given as . The estimation for daily generation of pressed bags of cassava by the community is , = 44.35 bags.

The strength and ductility of concrete ameliorated by providing appropriate confinement has paved way for designing structures that would withstand loads of extreme intensities. The behaviour of concrete confined by single layered transverse reinforcement has already been construed substantially. This paper presents a consistent experimental study conducted on a novel and recently proposed Reinforced Concrete column consisting of two layers of confining reinforcement. The concrete inside the column experiences three different levels of confinement, viz., doubly confined concrete inside the inner layer of lateral reinforcement, singly confined concrete between the two layers of the transverse reinforcement, and the unconfined concrete cover. The variables contemplated to study the behaviour and amount of confinement in double layered stirrup concrete column comprise: addition of inner layer, variedness in the shape and form of the transverse reinforcement forming the inner layer, grade of concrete, varying number and amount of longitudinal reinforcement forming the outer layer, proximity ratio between the inner and outer layers and the varied amount and spacing of transverse reinforcement encompassing the inner layer. It has been ascertained that the confinement effects emerged from the use of single layered stirrup transverse reinforcement were deficient when compared to that of double layered stirrup transverse reinforcement. Aside from enhanced strength and ductility, this novel structural form of concrete column exhibited an added advantage in terms of ease of construction over conventional single layered stirrup column.

This study aims to examine regional planning: through a structural model approach on the effect of internal conditions on integrated agricultural systems of rice fieldbuffalo livestock in Humbang Hasundutan District, by analysis method of structural equotation modeling (SEM) with IBM SPSS® Amos 22 device. The results concluded; a) Both agricultural internal conditions have a significant positive influence on rice field-buffalo livestock integrated agricultural system with path coefficient of 0.52 (CR 2,203> 1,96). b) Both agricultural internal conditions have a positive and significant influence on regional development with a path coefficient of 0.24 (CR 2,204> 1.96. c) Rice fields-buffalo livestock integrated agricultural system has a significant positive influence on regional development with path coefficient of 0,53 (CR 7,221> 1,96. d) The indirect influence of agricultural internal conditions on regional development by the intermediate of the rice fields-buffalo livestock integrated an agricultural system of 0.26 and indirect influence was 0.28, with a total influence of 0.52. Based on the conclusion it is suggested that the government; a) construct road facilities to facilitate farmers in transporting their crops, b) establish agricultural development programs for long-term purposes in increasing production, that it will have an impact on regional economic growth, c) improving farmers’ ability to develop their farms so as to have an impact on increasing incomes and regional development.

This study shows the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and water use of Capsicum annuum L. (Bell pepper) grown in a hydraulic weighing lysimeter. A hydraulic weighing lysimeter made from PVC drum was designed, constructed and installed to study the crop water use of Bell pepper. Analyses were carried out to determine the physico-chemical properties of soil and crop water use of Bell pepper in humid savanna zone of Omu-Aran, Nigeria. The soil in the study area is a slightly alkaline and the soil micro and macro porosity at depth 0-15cm to be 0.194, 0.536, and 0.73 respectively with that of depth 15-30 cm to be 0.115, 0.425, and 0.54 respectively. Also, bulk density for the 0-15 cm depth was 0.714 g/cm3 while that of 15- 30cm was 1.261g/cm3 indicating that sample for 15-30cm is more compacted. The results also revealed that the ETc of the bell pepper crop increases during the development and mid stages hence the crop water use is highest during the crop growth mid stage

Transportation access was important element on regional development which have consequence on the environment degradation. This issues driving the land conversion, an exploitation of natural resources and pollution. This research was conducted to estimate the carbondioxides emission (CO2) on a road construction process. The data collects with bottom up approaches from 16 locations of road construction in Central Java which represents 2 pavement types (flexible and rigid). The GHG emission estimated with a conversion of fuel consumption (IPCC Method). The estimation result was analyze with a qualitative and quantitative method. An estimation generated the CO2 emission of flexible pavement was 261,91 ton CO2 similar with 21,84 kgCO2/m3 while a rigid pavement produces 149,22 ton CO2 similar with 7,44 kgCO2/m3 . The manufacture process became a stages with largest contributor on the CO2 emission. According to the result, a rigid pavement was an environmentally friendly method to reduces GHG emission on road construction with a distribution stages plays an important role as key categories

In this competitive world engineering graduates are expected to be highly resourceful for employability. The present day employers give more emphasis to the employability skills of the potential engineers. There are several discussions and studies on “What types of skills and abilities are needed in the workplace?” This study attempts to explore the employability skills needed for the engineers to sustain in this global job market. This paper also puts forward the list of skills needed by the engineering graduates. On the whole, this paper suggests that the engineering graduates should acquire and demonstrate a set of generic skills such as communication skills, problem solving skills and interpersonal skills

In present era, the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to gain momentum rapidly. The Internet of Things has enormous applications in healthcare Industry from remote monitoring to smart sensor enabled medical device integration. IoT ensures many benefits in healthcare and has potential to improvement of patient outcomes, data management and security in hospital, quality treatment and more. IoT technology has huge impact on Healthcare to transform patient care and improve physician service efficiency. The present study has focused the applications and technologies of IoT in healthcare care sector and how far it benefits to healthcare stake holders.

Motorised Wheelchair plays a pivotal role in the social life of Persons with disability (PwD) or elderly. Indian Motorised Wheelchair users scuffle to identify right Ergonomic Motorised Wheelchair because there are only very few designs developed by Ergonomic approach. The paper describes the methods to design an Ergonomic Motorised wheelchair and analyzes the design with Human Digital Models(HDM). Authors also demonstrate analyses of user comfort and some Ergonomic design methods. The analysis of user comfort while in the design stage using a Manikin by applying Indian Anthropometric Data makes the wheelchair a better fit for the Indian users. Thus, the design of user-friendly wheelchairs by HDM Ergonomic analysis. Authors also discuss RULA analysis of Motorised Wheelchair with 5th, 50th and 95th percentile HDM. The paper also estimates Indian Anthropometric Dimensions on HDM for Motorised Wheelchair. The paper also presents some design innovations on the footrest

Machining is one of the unavoidable operation after the processing of any type of material. Because of the advancement in the technology and innovation in the materials area, the composite materials are replacing and occupying the traditional materials market rapidly. Among these composite materials, the Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite materials are found to be technically and structurally competitive and are widely used in a number of engineering industrial applications. The machining of these composites is found to be a complex phenomenon due to the influence of a number of machining and material parameters related to machining. Since drilling is the most frequently applied machining operation on composites, many research works were done on the drilling of composites, which resulted in numerous parameters that have influence on the drilling operation, impact on work material and cutting tool damage, cost of machining, material removal rate etc. So, at the background, it was thought to have a review on the issues related to drilling on the composite materials, which could help the manufacturing sectors and researchers in order to enhance the productivity. Thus the aim of this technical paper is to provide a detailed study of various issues related to drilling of FRP composite materials. This paper also comprehensively addresses the success and the failures of drilling operations, the factors associated with the drilling operation, their impact on the various output parameters. In addition, this review paper also discusses about the influences of a number of machining parameters and their influence on machining.

This study aims at experimental investigation on the effect of mixing of Al2O3 microparticles in water fluid on the heat transfer enhancement. The experiment was done in a 3 channel 1-1 pass corrugated plate heat exchanger. The plates had sinusoidal wavy surfaces with corrugation angle of 45°. Hot water at different inlet temperature ranging from 40°C to 70°C was made to flow through central channel to get cooled by water in outer channels. Experiment was measured in parallel and counter flow arrangement. The variations of hot fluid outlet temperature and effectiveness of heat exchanger were measured with rise of inlet hot fluid temperature. The required properties of the Al2O3 water mixture were measured at different concentration of Al2O3 microparticles from 0.0% to 1.275% by volume. It is observed that with volume percentage of Al2O3 increases in the cold fluid the effectiveness of heat exchanger increases substantially. The addition of Al2O3 microparticles in cooing water increases

This paper presents modelling and control of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a three phase grid–tied photovoltaic (PV) system by using a non-linear controller namely double integrated sliding mode controller (DISMC) to enhance MPPT and to stabilize the output power of PV system. The non-linear I-V, P-V characteristics of PV systems depends upon irradiation and temperature; causes difficulty in tracking maximum power. The PV system consists of a PV panel, DC/DC boost converter and a MPPT controller to generate pulses which are fed to converter for tracking maximum power. In this paper, the performance of DISMC-MPPT shown to be effective when compared to other controllers like perturb & observe (P&O)- MPPT, adaptive P&O-MPPT, sliding mode controller (SMC)-MPPT and integral SMC (ISMC)-MPPT. The presented DISMC-MPPT method is robust, provides quicker and steady tracking maximum power with respect to the other discussed methods and also performs well during any change in weather conditions. To validate the effectiveness, the mathematical modelling of all the above mentioned non-linear controller MPPT methods and their simulations are carried on Matlab/SIMULINK

Effect of Solution heat treatment on microstructure and "pitting corrosion "of the austenitic stainless steel (316 L) is actualized.Agreeing to "ASTM (G71-31)" a figure of samples for corrosion inspection were prepared with the dimensions of (15 * 15 * 3) mm then divided into sets and heated in electrical furnace at (1060C )for half hour some of them were quenched in distilled water and the other quench by distil water with (PVA)which added at different percentage(0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9%)gm/liter . Microstructure of all specimens were examined also the corrosion conduct using simulation body fluid. Results of microstructure examination show appearance of many phases. The corrosion rate of all specimens which subjected to solution heat treatment was higher comparing with the corrosion rate of base alloy. Solution heat treatment in distil water and in distil water with high percentage of PVA (0.7, 0.9) contributed in increases in corrosion rate but when decreases the percentage to ( 0.3,0.5) the corrosion rate was decreased due to the increases in cooling rate .

The wireless telecommunication system of hybrid free-space optics (FSO) utilizes a transmission medium of free space to transmit data at high bit rates. However, it is exposed to various effects of noise in different weather conditions. This paper investigates on compensation for atmospheric turbulence in optical communication systems of 10-channels spatial division multiplexing (SDM) over FSO link under different weather conditions based on linear Gaussian filter (LGF). The performance of a 10-channel transceiver system is evaluated in an SDM-FSO link under the clear sky, haze, and rain weather conditions based on Gaussian filter at the receiver. Furthermore, the simulated system has transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of 12 km FSO in superbly very clear weather condition. Moreover, it is also transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of 4.2 km FSO during heavy rain and up to 1.1 km distance FSO during heavy haze. The results show that system capacity is effectively increased with the use of SDM that operate at 1550 nm wavelength. Finally, the validation is conducted based on analyzing eye diagrams, Q-Factor and Bit Error Rates

The present work aims to investigate the distribution of strains in incremental sheet metal forming process using different geometries. Four shapes were used to develop the strain paths: truncated cone, pyramid, dome, and circular generatrix are formed in incremental sheet forming process. The difference in strain paths depends on the difference in the geometric shapes of the formed parts. Circle grid analysis was used to obtain strain paths along the parts. Strains distribution was evaluated by circular grid system (CGS) where a pattern of a small circle was electrochemically etched on the sheet. The sheet is deformed during forming and the deformation of the circle is measured and analyzed to explore the behavior of strains distribution in incremental sheet metal forming. The curvature of the part is a large or plane wall the strain mode is plane strain stretching and became biaxial stretching or uniaxial tension with the rotational symmetric surfaces.

Surface quality of a workpiece is one of the most important criteria for the evaluation of a grinding process. Surface finish depends on many factors such as grinding and dressing parameters. This paper presents an optimization of grinding parameters when grinding tablet by CBN grinding wheel on CNC milling machine in order to minimize surface roughness. The experiment was conducted with different values of grinding parameters at three levels. Using the Taguchi method, the effect of the grinding parameters i.e., depth of cut, grinding wheel speed, and feed rate on surface roughness was investigated. In addition, the optimal grinding parameters were found at their optimal levels. The predicted surface roughness was therefore determined.

Steels for machine manufacturing can be hardened through thermal treatments. In the quenching treatment is possible to use different substances to improve mechanical properties, in particular hardness and probably the wear resistance. As quenching media, the water, water and salt solutions, polymer solutions, vegetable oils and mineral oils are commonly used. In this work, vegetable oils (vegetable blended, soybean, canola and sunflower) and mineral oil (10W30) were used as an alternative of quenching media to study the performance of the hardness and the microstructures obtained. The quenching treatment was carried out involving heating at temperature of 850º C and keeping inside electric furnace for 50 minutes to achieve homogeneity in the internal structure. The quenched was carried out at room temperature using each vegetable and mineral oils. The results showed that use of vegetable oils is a good alternative as a tempering substance. The results showed that vegetable oils have a better performance than mineral oil, as they allow to reach hardness above 40 HRC and generate high strength and toughness microstructures. Among vegetable oils, Canola oil allowed the highest hardness and the microstructure with the best presence of bainite.

The problem of managing the R&D sector sustainability in Russia is of particular relevance in terms of scaling external and internal challenges faced by the country. Such challenges require an even greater intensification of the efforts to solve the problems accumulated in Russian economy and innovation system and associated with the state transition to new technological way. A key criterion of R&D sector competitive sustainability is the creation of practice-oriented and relevant results of intellectual activity. Correlation analysis of innovative activity indicators in developed countries over the 2007-2015 revealed a pattern of two-fold excess of export licenses over the amount of public investment in science. This dependence is crucial in the study of competitive sustainability within R&D sector. The method of assessing the efficiency of public spending on R&D, including an analysis of the dynamics of the growth rate of performance indicators and their financing in case of R&D completed in the period is proposed as the main management tool of R&D sector competitive sustainability

An investigation was carried out on the effect of the use of a parabolic baffle at different baffle cuts on the performance of shell and tube heat exchangers. The numerical study was performed on a personal computer with 12 GB RAM and Intel® Core™ i7 2.50GHz CPU using a CFD software Comsol Multiphysics. The modeled heat exchanger had 37 tubes, shell internal diameter of 200 mm, 6 baffles with baffle spacing of 100 mm. The results from the effect of mass flow rate and baffle cut on heat transfer rate and pressure drop in the shell side of the heat exchanger were compared with the circular segmental baffle cut of 25% and that of the parabolic baffle cut of 25 and 30% of the inner shell diameter. At 25% of the shell diameter baffle cut, the parabolic cut had an improved heat transfer rate compared to that with the circular segmental baffle cut with a drawback of higher pressure drop. As the parabolic baffle cuts increased, there was a decrease in heat transfer rates and pressure drops at the various mass flow rates considered. At 30% of shell diameter cut, the performance of the parabolic segmental baffle cut gave results similar to the circular segmental baffle cut at 25% of the inner shell diameter. The investigation showed that for a parabolic baffle cut, 30% of the shell diameter is recommended for optimum performance.

Foreign Investment is an important activity in order to improve economic growth and prosperity of society. It needs to be supported with legal instruments that can guarantee and protect the investments. The formation of legal instruments is strongly affected by the economic and political interests of the country, therefore sometimes it goes against the principle of legal certainty. By using normative jurisdictional research methods in this study, the Author will discuss about the principles and concepts used by the government to establish a policy on foreign investment

The aim of this research is to define the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and to understand the linkages between WBS and man-hours development for Shipbuilding Project. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is the best tool to simplify the complexity of the project and this research will define the complete and accurate WBS of a Hull Ship since it is an important and critical activity in every shipbuilding to estimate the project schedule, cost and labour man-hours. The methodology will involve latest literature review related to Shipbuilding WBS and man-hours estimation and a suggestion will be made for the best method of WBS and man-hours development. Implication from this research will assist Project Manager and Project Team to develop an improved project schedule planning method, which be utilized during project management to identify the best WBS and project man-hours. This also will lead to cost reduction in terms of man-hour optimization when the proper tasks and activities are clearly defined during WBS development

According to the results of the Russian Finance Ministry assessment of the quality of financial management of the managers of the federal budget, including process and outcome indicators of financial activity as part of the state programs « Education Development », « Science and Technology Development», the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in 2017 occupied the 26th place. The relatively low financial and managerial statements of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation activity concerning government program funding are caused by deficiencies in methods and tools for managing budget expenditures, and it is proved by Russian Audit Chamber’s findings concerning the ineffectiveness of financial expenditures in the «5-100» project. In this way the relevance of the research theme is due to need for theoretical development of the conceptual construct, modifying the model of organizational and financial clearing for subsidizing government programs, adapting the algorithm for applying social bonds to the education and science sectors of the Russian Federation, justifying new methodological approaches and practical recommendations for developing the system for financing government programs in the domain of education and science.

Forest ecosystems on the cryomorphic soil grounds are very vulnerable. Harmful effect of forestry machines upon the ecosystems of the felling-areas (due to consolidation and deformation of the soil grounds) is well known in Russia and abroad. Operation of forestry machines and yarding-and-loading systems in respect of frozen soil grounds shows a clear need for taking this factor into account and considering it as the complex multicomponent environment. In the course of preparation of our article, our have developed and substantiated a mathematical model and approach to assessment of lifting properties of the frozen soil grounds. This model makes it possible to reformulate norms of operation of the forestry yarding-and-loading and other machines. Taking into account the approach, which we have proposed to utilize in respect of simulation of the ground lifting properties, will make it possible to perform forest management interventions in the least invasive mode, thus ensuring the faster natural reproduction of the forest plantations, as well as the prolonged time framework performance of the work that is connected with timber harvesting. In the conditions of the Russian Extreme North, this fact may be transformed into an essential economic effect.

Concrete’s versatility, durability, sustainability, and economy have made it the world’s most widely used construction material. The addition of fibers in concrete and mortar can enhance many of the engineering properties such as flexural strength, toughness, resistance to fatigue, 1 impact and thermal shocks as well as the failure mode of concrete. The addition of discrete fibers of small diameter in the concrete matrix has shown to improve its ductility. An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effects of concrete strength and fiber volume ratio on the flexural strength of engineered glass fiber reinforced concrete beams. Five fiber volume fractions, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%, and three concrete grades, M20, M30 and M40, were designed for the study. The results showed that the flexural strength increased with an increase in fiber volume fraction and the strength of concrete.

A list of species composition and seasonal dynamics of macrozoobenthos in the Azerbaijan sector of the South Caspian shelf zone is provided. In 2011 - 2012 152 species of macrozoobenthos belonging to 15 taxonomic groups was found, by the number of species mollusks (50 species) dominated, amphipods were at the second place (44 species). In this zone of the sea for the first time 54 species of macrozoobenthos were found by us. The maximum number of species observed in the spring and summer season (137 - 152 species), the minimum - in the autumn season (123 - 131 species). The average annual biomass of macrozoobenthos varied in the range 155.54 - 176.12 g/m2, the number was 1175 -. 1420 ind/m2. Maximum development of organisms observed in summer (192.46 g/m2), minimum - in autumn (134.78 g/m2). In all seasons shellfish dominated by biomass (69.3 - 72.9 % of the total benthic fauna biomass). The main role in the formation of benthos play 10 macrozoobenthic species, where shellfish dominated by biomass. Their biomass in 2011 amounted to 72.58 % and in 2012 70.91 % of the total biomass of benthos. The second place is occupied by decapods (12.74 % - 13.01 % of the total biomass).

This article presents a study of the effect of refining on the sustainability of the level of production of a system with self-mining of ore in the deep levels of the “DNK” colliery, and also provides information on the state of technology in world collieries. Presents options for working out the second stage (lower part) of the ore body at the “DNK” colliery. Various options of the mutual arrangement of the ore deposits being worked out with an assessment of the development of collapse processes in the massif during the formation of loads on lining workings of the production level are considered. The results of this study can be used and applied in practice

Steel industry can be characterized by a significant amount of by-products including fine dust (up to 1.5% of heat size). Dust of gas cleaners, containing above 0.5% Zn and 50% Fe, cannot be directly returned to basic melting facilities due to high contents of zinc that destroys its lining. High consumption of reducing agent, furnace lining corrosion, final product of high impurities content made difficult use of hydrometallurgical processing. Use of hydrometallurgy technologies is held back by zinc in dust, primarily, as ferrites that cannot be opened using alkali, while acids make iron transfer into solution. As a result, major part of smelters stockpiles the dust. Secondary deposits of zinc-containing steelmaking dust can be involved into processing thus expand the feedstock of zinc industry, increase efficiency of steel making and reduce negative impact on environment. The paper contains chemical and mineralogical analysis of steel dust sample from PAO Severstal and study results on hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc from dust using salt solution. It has been established that ammonium chloride leaching of zinc from electric arc furnace dust takes place within external diffusion region; optimum parameters of ammonium chloride leaching can result in almost complete and selective extraction of zinc into solution and producing ferrous cake that is applicable for blastfurnace processing. It was revealed that higher level of zinc ferritization in leach has minor negative impact on zinc extraction into solution and keeps minimum iron transfer into solution. Zinc can be extracted from leach solution by zinc hydroxide deposition using ammonia stripping, followed by drying and deposit calcination to produce saleable zinc oxide.

Radiographic non-destructive examination of the round timber became a popular technique in the middle of the twentieth century when radiography was first applied to study the structure of materials. The X-ray television testing equipment is widely used in non-destructive inspection for a long time, but up to now, this equipment was not applied to find the heartwood rot in wood sticks of any diameter. This article analyzes the innovative method of non-destructive testing of low-quality wood, which was performed using the portable X-ray television testing system. Furthermore, it provides positive results of experimental investigations. In addition, this article describes possibility of taking quality images of the internal structure of wood, as well as possibility of the automated image processing.

The objectives of business organizations can be achieved only with the support of committed employees and blessings of satisfied customers. This review is done to analyze how the service quality as well as customer satisfaction are impacted by employee’s job satisfaction. This paper contains in-depth review on the available literature in the area of research and arrived at the most important factors affecting employee’s job satisfaction, service quality and customer’s satisfaction. In this study, it is observed that service quality as well as customer’s satisfaction is significantly and positively impacted by employee’s job satisfaction. They recommend increasing of job satisfaction among employees to ensure better service quality and customer satisfaction

Peri-Urban regions are to a great extent characterized as the zones that encompass our metropolitan regions and urban areas - neither urban nor rustic in the regular sense. They are the quickest developing areas in numerous countries. The Peri-Urban zone can be viewed as not only a periphery in the middle of city and wide open, a zone of change; rather it is another sort of multi-practical domain. While it opposes basic definitions, there are basic highlights wherever such territories are discovered, for example, a moderately low populace thickness by urban guidelines, dispersed settlements, and high reliance on transport for driving, divided networks and absence of spatial administration. Numerous worldwide difficulties emerge from the manners in which that urban communities develop and change, particularly the rising super urban communities in creating nations where huge social and natural issues can be found in their PeriUrban hinterlands. Issues of Peri-Urban zones in creating countries are very not the same as that of created nations. Peri-Urban is a testing and topical subject from numerous points of view. It is positively a test for logical research. This paper will manage approaches/instances of arranged development measures for Peri-Urban zones in countries of landmasses like Asia, Europe, and so forth. A few nations have given considerable regard for these issues. It will be considered how these nations have managed the heedless improvement, framework issues, administration, and so on. Proposition of comparable kind can be proposed for developing nation like India

The development of Megalithic culture in Malaysia is said to have begun since the time of Metal. The megalithic found in Pengkalan Kempas History Complex is categorized as unique as it is engraved and carved in various forms such as the shape of the sword, the blade, the steering wheel and also the stone carved with the Arabic word "Allah" in jawi letters. The megalithic site in Negeri Sembilan is likely to exceed 200 sites. The objective of this paper is to discuss the previous studies that have been done by previous researchers associated with megalithic sites in Negeri Sembilan. This study used written materials in the library whether books, journals or seminar papers and so on. The results of this study showed that there various community perspectives about the megalithic stones. Among these is the concept of live rock which is the existence of various rituals, offerings or worship, extraordinary confidence, a sense of honor and so on

The dynamics analysis of the commercial enterprise profit was carried out. The main activities of this enterprise are business process automation, software sales, cash register equipment and expendable material sales. The structure of profit distribution during the reporting period was described. The main directions of profit optimization in the planning period were found out and characterized according to the analysis of factors which influence the level and dynamics of the commercial enterprise profit.

Crude palm oil is one of the mainstays of Indonesias exports. In the midst of intense competition with vegetable oil producing countries in the world, Indonesia must have international competitiveness which is strongly supported by the technology in order to achieve a sustained competitive advantage. The major purpose of this paper is to examine the direct effect of technological resources to international competitiveness and sustained competitive advantage as well as measure the mediating effect of international competitiveness in the relationship between technological resources and sustained competitive advantage. For these purposes, an empirical survey was conducted with the active participation of 82 palm oil industries in Indonesia. In addition to the survey, in-depth interviews were conducted to follow up the quantitative results. On the basis of path analysis with SmartPLS, technology resources had positive and significant effect to sustained competitive advantage. This study suggests the importance of technological resources in achieving sustained competitive advantage on the part of palm oil industries in developing countries

This article evaluates particle board using corncob (CC) particles and mixing it homogeneously in varying percentages 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% with sugarcane bagasse (SB) using Urea Formaldehyde resin as adhesive. Particleboards of 100% SB and 100% CC were also made, thereby making seven different compositions. Properties of particleboards produced such as density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were investigated. The densities of particleboards ranged from 400 Kg/m3 to 620 Kg/m3 . The results of the tests also show that the particleboard with 50% CC and 50% SB using equal volume of adhesive had favorable physical properties that are recommendable for indoor uses in buildings. In contrast, the panels cannot be recommended for load bearing purposes because they exhibit poor mechanical properties, but these mechanical properties tend to improve as the composition of CC increased from 40% to 100%. The MOR and MOE results obtained in this research work lead to a conclusion that the mechanical properties of the panels were improved as the percentage of CC replacement increased but possessed poor physical properties. Within the experimental investigation and possible limitations, the panels with 50% CC and 50% SB are the most preferred since they had preferable performance for both physical and mechanical properties.

In this investigation, Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) biodiesel, hydrogen and ethanol (BHE) mixtures remained verified in a single cylinder direct-injection diesel engine to examine the recital plus discharge features of the engine. The engine stayed verified at supreme force and rapidity of 1500 rpm. The ethanol remained supplemented 5%, 10% and 15% correspondingly through enhanced CNSL as well as hydrogen functioned twin fuel engine. The consequences designate that while associated through well-ordered diesel and biodiesel-hydrogen process, the recital and discharge features of ethanol mixtures obligates upgraded. The brake thermal efficiency upsurges somewhat through 10% ethanol mixtures and nope noteworthy enhancement by advanced ethanol mixtures. The exhaust gas temperature and NOx release augmented by 10% ethanol accumulation. Through greater proportion of ethanol in the biodiesel hydrogen (BH) mixtures the HC, CO releases might upsurge. However the routine of 10% ethanol might diminish the HC and CO releases equally. Overall the BHE mixtures ensure greater NOx discharges, associated by biodiesel and diesel energy. Throughout the BHE mixtures offers lesser HC, CO, as well as greater NOx release associated through the well-ordered diesel fuel. Nevertheless the embellishments of added ethanol thru BH mixtures require no substantial enhancement in the recital discharge and stages

In this project, experimentation is done on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System [VCRS] as the COP is high for this system and it is the present trend of the HVAC in the domestic industry. This study presents investigation of best suited refrigerant and insulation combination for gas pipeline and liquid pipeline of a split air conditioning system. Analysis are performed for R22-Chlorodiflouromethane, a HydroChloroFlouro Carbon refrigerant, which has been using in the present world that cause both global warming and ozone layer depletion and R410a, mixture of di-flouromethane and pentaflouroethane, a Hydroflouro carbon refrigerant, which is future of HVAC which reduces the effect of ozone layer depletion [ODP] and Global Warming Potential [GWP].For these two refrigerants, we had found out the best insulation suitable as insulation also affects the COP of air conditioner, which has been observed from the literature. Minimizing the temperature of refrigerant in suction line helps condensing unit work more effectively intern the system performance increases. This reduces the overall power required for working of air conditioner, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of system. Also, it helps the manufacturer to provide best type of insulation for the system at reduced cost thereby reducing overall cost of VCRS.To perform the experimental comparison, 16 tests were carried out for 5 times with each refrigerant Insulation combination. From analysis it is observed that, COPA for NRF+AF gives highest value for R22 and R410awhen compared to various insulation materials. Power required for VCRS is greater while using R410a than R22. So In this work the main energy parameters such as COP and work required for compressor are analysed and discussed.

Carburization is a thermo-chemical treatment generally employed to enhance the surface (wear) properties of low carbon steels. The recent carburization studies also focus considerable positive impact on bulk properties like tensile strength and toughness. In view of these observations, the present study focuses on mechanical properties and microstructure of carburized steels. Accordingly, the commercially available three types of case hardenable steels like plain carbon (EN 3), alloy steels with only ferrite stabilizer (20MnCr5) and with both ferrite (Cr) and austenite (Ni) stabilizers (EN 353) were initially normalized to standardize the room temperature structure before carburizing and machined to ASTM standards to prepare the specimens. The machined specimens were gas carburized using carburizing furnace for 2.5 mm case depth and furnace cooled. Tensile and hardness tests were conducted before and after carburization. The plain carbon steel displayed slight reduction in tensile strength and the steels with alloying elements increased the tensile strength considerably. It was also found that Ni and Cr restrict the grain growth and increase the strength of steel even in furnace cooled condition. Microstructure analysis of carburized steels revealed markable impact on the type and distribution of room temperature phases. The carbon content in the case was nearly 0.8 wt. % after carburization and hardness increase in the surface ranges from 130 to 170% as that of its original hardness. The combined effect of Ni and Cr also improves hardenability.

This study was conducted to review the effect that simulation training programs for emergency situations involving newborn babies have on nursing students’ clinical performance. Opportunities for nursing students to clinically practice what they learned are on the decrease. Even if they take part in practice, they are usually limited to simple tasks or observation. Given this reality, there is an urgent need to develop new measures to improve their clinical practice ability. The low fertility rate that is worsening over time and the difficulty in operating an intensive care unit for newborn babies has led to a decrease in such departments, leading to difficulties experienced by a number of universities in allocating clinical training venues. After conducting a survey on the needs regarding training themes in the nursing of newborn babies, simulation training programs would have to be developed based on themes where the needs are the highest.

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that a higher education institution allows for the implementation of innovative research based on its own development and management of intellectual activity. In order to determine the possibility of managing innovative developments, it is advisable at the university to integrate the system of intelligent control and form an innovation management body. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that for the first time in the domestic practice a question is being investigated regarding the intellectual management of higher education institutions as well as the forms of integration of innovative activity. Higher education institutions in various countries allow us to determine how innovative forms can be implemented in a managerial aspect, depending on the capabilities of the university and its technological focus. Each of the participants in innovation requires constant monitoring and coordination of various bodies. In this regard, it is necessary to clearly understand how to organize a particular activity in the framework of interuniversity cooperation. Methodologically, the article is based on the study of historical and theoretical experience, as well as a set of parameters, which are determined based on the general conditions for the formation of management decisions. The practical applicability of the article is revealed in the direction of the activity to increase the share of innovative products, both technological and intellectual, in the practical activities of the university

The paper presents the results of theoretical understanding of trends, prospects and limitations that exist in the training of personnel for agriculture in the context of digital transformation of the economy.The transition to the target settings of the new technological order, which is associated with the spread of digital technologies, requires the solution of a whole range of problems in the field of training.The widespread introduction of digital technologies sets the task for universities to train personnel with competencies that are not currently reflected in the current Federal Educational Standards for such directions of training as: “Agriculture, Forestry and Fish Industry”, “Industrial Ecology and Biotechnology, Earth Sciences”, “Electric Power and Heat Power Engineering”, “Veterinary Science and Zootechnics”. The article presents the results of a survey conducted among students, which characterize the attitude of future graduates to the prospects of digitalization of agriculture. The study showed on the one hand the disunity of respondents opinions on certain aspects of the use of digital technologies, on the other hand a great interest in the issue under study. It should be noted that the digital transformation of the economy has exacerbated the problem of staffing agriculture and other sectors of the economy.

Green and sustainability is the major issue among the third world war countries in each and every sector. This situation rises since, 1993 when LPG is brought into picture. The international and unified standards in product and services quality are the minimal expectation of the customers today. The global benchmarks for quality and measuring performance are common in all most all the sectors. Similarly, there is no exception to the hotel industry in this regard. In this parlance, the role of employees and their level of awareness, perceptions on green and sustainability practices dimension is need of the hour. On the basis of the same the current study is conducted. The purpose of this study is to find out the perceptional differences between the different demographical groups of employees with regard to awareness, adoption, implementation, perceived benefits, and suggestions for better implementation of environmental sustainability practices in star hotels in Chennai city. Data required for the study is collected from participants representing star hotels and event venues in the city. The questionnaire is prepared by using standard questions taken from review of literature. The results indicated that the level of awareness on the green and sustainable practices related to recycling, energy efficiency, waste control, water conservation, environment management, transportation and purchasing areas is high and adequate among the sample. Every employee feels the responsibility in the dimension of green practices. There is a highly significant relationship between the demographical groups with regard to green and sustainability practices. Some of the hotels in the industry are international quality accredited, adopting ISO standards and got Deming awards for quality of service Quality circles, safety standards, TQM and six sigma are general practices in the direction of green and sustainability practices. These can a pave along road to improve in the direction and to compete with global standards and to attract international guests in the years to come

The study was designed to identify basic factors required to deepen adoption of internet banking in the delivery of banking services to a rapidly growing market characterized by complexities in service requirements. Analysis of data collected from selected customers of 5 DMBs in Lagos, Ogun and Ebonyi States of Nigeria showed that alternative service channels offered by technology-based applications enhanced the delivery of banking services to bank customers. Specifically, the result showed significant impact of ease of access, cost, reliability, and security/integrity of technology-driven service delivery channels on the adoption of engineering technology-based applications in Nigerias banking industry

The Big data concept emerged to meet the growing demands in analysing large volumes of fast moving, heterogeneous and complex data, which traditional data analysis systems could not manage further. The application of big data technology across various sectors of the economy has aided better utilization of multiple data collated and hence decision making. Organizations no longer base operations on assumptions or constructed models solely, but can make inferences from generated data. Educational organizations are more efficient and the pedagogical processes more effective, when multiple streams of data can be collated from the various personnel and facilitators involved. This data when analysed, maximizes the performance of administrators andrecipients alike. This paper looks at the components and techniques in bigdata technology, and how it can be implemented in the education system for effective administration and delivery.

The calculation of stability by mathematical methods of complex shapes of slopes with a diverse geological structure is reduced to simple formulations and assumptions for finding curves of sliding surfaces and for forecasting possible forms of stability loss. The method of centrifugal modeling allows us to conduct in-depth studies of the experimental, reproduced, reduced scale of the slope and to reliably identify the nature of the existing deformations after rotation on a centrifuge, analyze them and draw conclusions about the stability of the studied slope. The centrifugal simulation can be divided into four stages, each of which is described in detail in this article with reference to photo materials and descriptions. The obtained results of the centrifugal modeling of the shifting slope of the Krasnopovstanska ravine and the analysis of the deformed state of the model before and after placement of soil cement piles in the body of the slope. Centrifugal modeling is not a new method for studying the stability of slopes. This method requires special complex hardware and hardware, therefore, it is used rather infrequently. Conducting this type of research is accompanied by a small amount of informative literature on the methodology of the simulation itself. This article is devoted to the question of conducting and successfully using the method of centrifugal modeling of landslide slopes with the observance of certain features. Application of the technique of centrifugal modeling allows solving problems of calculating the stability of natural slopes with complex geological structure.

Sustainable development has been environmentally adopted into a development concept implemented in regulations/ legislations in accordance with the fourth amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). Sustainable development is influenced by three aspects, namely: social aspects; economic aspects; and environmental aspects. Conventional development takes into account the influence of social and economic aspects, so in this study reviewing the influence of environmental aspects in the era of nowadays sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to analyse the elements of environmental aspects in form of a Model of Structural Hierarchy (MoSH) that affects sustainable development. Environmental aspects elements are analysed by the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) method. The ISM method was chosen to help decision makers in determining policies in accordance with the resulting a MoSH. Thus, the MoSH in the field of environment which is associated with sustainable development is a new contribution in the area of sustainable development

The base isolation system is well-known as a sophisticated device for reducing earthquake energy that a building structure is subjected to under earthquake impact. Currently, many researchers are attempting to develop low-cost base isolation intended for low-rise buildings by replacing steel reinforcement with an alternative material. In this research project, the seismic response of residential housing units that used perforated-reinforced elastomeric isolators (PREIs) within one- and twostory reinforced concrete (RC), are investigated. The nonlinear dynamic analysis (time history) considered seven ground motions to assess the seismic performance of the structure under extreme earthquake shaking. The nonlinear dynamic analysis method was developed to provide a more realistic model of structural response to strong ground shaking. The lateral displacement, inter-story drift, base shear, acceleration and overturning moment were analyzed to ensure that the low-rise building behaved elastically under strong ground motion without any damage on both nonstructural and structural components. The results illustrated that the application of the isolators in the low-rise building was reliable in providing low horizontal stiffness and a longer fundamental period. In addition, the study illustrated the advantage of applying isolators in the upper structure, reducing base shear, acceleration and drift ratio drastically. The large lateral displacement of the isolator played an important role in the stability of the isolated structure. Therefore, special attention must be paid in the design process of the isolator to guarantee suitable response of the upper structure under strong earthquake shaking

The research objective is to evaluate the performance of intersections around the central area of urban activities, analyze queues and delays that occur in the area, openings and existing canalization, analyze the level of accessibility from the influence of traffic management, from obstacles to various privacy activities, determine the optimization of traffic light functions coordinated and integrated. The research method is generally carried out through direct surveys, mathematical analysis and comparative analysis. Mathematical analysis is done iteratively to get the best cycle time as an integrated and coordinated intersection function. Graphically, it can facilitate the drawing and reading of the best cycle times for various intersections that are included in the design. The results obtained showed that the densest traffic volume in the CBD area occurred at the intersection 7 and 12, with the 42.02–72.59% composed of vehicles dominated by motorbikes, while jeeps between 6.72 – 35. 63%. The capacity of Intersection in this area averages 6,809 passenger car unit (pcu) / hour, so that the Degree of Saturation averages 0.895 with the maximum is 0.917. The highest chance of queuing occurs in unsignalized intersections in the CBD area between 42-84% which occur at the intersection 7 and 12 with the highest delay was 38.18 seconds (intersection 2). The level of accessibility of this region was high but because of the high side barrier. Intersection capacity improvement through geometric improvements, channelization, improvement and optimization of integrative traffic light functions, has the potential to contribute up to 36% and based on simulations with VISSIM program aids until the projections for 2025 can be maintained contributing to an increase in capacity of up to 22%.

Arts and artifacts of various forms and sizes adorn different areas of property either on the wall, in the boxes or on the shelves. There are also evidences of uses of arts and artifacts for commerce. These and other uses of art and artifacts necessitated their valuation just like it is done for land and buildings. Estate surveyors and valuers are called upon based on the dictate of the Nigeria Law, their academic and professional trainings to advise various stakeholders who may have one thing or the other to do with arts and artifacts to help them in determining the value for such a use or uses. Despite this enabling criteria, Estate Valuers are confronted with challenges in identifying, separating and analyzing the factors that determine the values of arts and artifacts. This study examines the various factors that determine the value of arts and artifacts. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered on 17 Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Abeokuta, Ogun state. The data gathered were analyzed using Mean Weighted Score (MWS) and frequency distribution. Common factors considered in the process of arts collection include the buyer’s perception, condition and quality of the artwork among other factors. Findings revealed that most art buyers collect artifacts at certain huge amount primarily because of their own definition of the arts, outstanding aesthetics and thereby developing personal opinion of art value while the role of a professional property valuer is displaced from the process. This study therefore concluded that there should be a defined process of valuing artworks by property valuers which will include a guideline defining the factors to be considered in art and artifact valuation, thereby encouraging uniformity of value estimation of such personal property as it is for land and building valuations.

The focus of this research paper is to analyze the impact of employer branding and organization attractiveness factors on organization citizenship behavior of faculties in Odisha universities covering technical and higher education context. Data were collected from 350 faculties working in different universities of Odisha. Structured questionnaire were used to gather the data for the study. Results of regression analysis have revealed employer branding factors like brand knowledge, brand internalization, brand equity, institutional culture and recognition of effort found to be strong and positive predictor of citizenship behavior .organization attractiveness in the form of respectful work environment and attractive place of employment, work place fun and informality, healthy association between employer and faculties had shown positive influence on OCB. Organization citizenship behavior is the increasingly desirable form of employees behavior where motivation for employer branding and attractiveness of institution must play a significant role .These concepts should be treated as an effective technological tool in the hand of management and must be adopted strongly in Technical educational institutions as well as in other sectors to attract and retain potential employees.

Rainfall runoff is one of the important hydrological variables in determining land and water resources application. Curve Number method is widely used and efficient method to estimate the infiltration characteristic of the watershed in accordance with the land use/land cover property and soil property. In this study to estimate the rainfall runoff modeling in this study area with an area of 152.81 sq km using Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method and GIS. The estimated amount average annual rainfall 1322.29mm from 1999 to 2013.The runoff varied from 285 mm–4053mm, which is corresponds to 61.6% of annual average rainfall of Thiruvalur district. These details are used for better watershed management and conservation purpose

To prevent losing water resources and wetlands, and conserve existing wetlands ecosystem for ecosystem and biodiversity services, good, wetlands habitats forstart any sustainable development programs, it is necessary to detect, monitor and inventory water resources and their surround uplands. Recently, AL-Razaza Lake suffer from a critical situation because of the decreasing in the water level and increase a salinity. We have propose a method to monitor and model the spatial and multi-temporal changes of AL-Razaza Lake in the period 1992–2018. This study includes pre-processing, processing and post-processing stages. In Addition, a supervised classification was used to classify the satellite images. Validation result reveals that the overall accuracies and kappa coefficients of the supervised classifications were 88, 90.79, 95.94 and 87.67 respectively, and 82%, 86%, 93% and 79% respectively. The results showed that the percentage change was significant during this period, such that the decreased surface area was from 1313.87 km2 in 1992 to 224.85 km2 in 2018.The noticeable results show the rapidly decreasing in the Lake area by 82.8% with area about 1089.02 km2 over the last three decades. All the dehydration extended area of the Lake was replaced by soil.

Environmental problems have been counted as a critical topic in the construction. The issue of throwing away waste materials is considered as a pivotal subject in modern engineering orientation. Reuse, recycling and reduce the wastes suppose as the only methods to recover those waste created. Polystyrene is considered as one of the materials vastly utilized in manufacturing applications. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using recycled polystyrene as an additive to asphalt. The polystyrene waste was added up to asphalt by volume to the asphalt in 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Penetration degree, ductility, specific gravity, softening point, flash and fire point, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), Rolling Thin Film oven (RTFO) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) tests were performed in this research study. In general, the results in this study indicated that the addition of polystyrene into asphalt increases the penetration, ductility and flash point. On the other hand, it decreases the softening value and specific gravity. It found also that the rutting decrease due to the additives of polystyrene and similar trends in critical high temperature cracking and fatigue cracking resistance observed. Furthermore, the effect of polystrene influenced significantly the creep behavior by increasing the creep rate and decreasing the creep stiffness and low temperature. That means the resistance of thermal cracking would increase by polystyrene contents

Roundness error can be evaluated perfectly for the by product life after manufacturing, leading the major criteria in assembly errors and vibration control mechanisms. Components with round profiles must have to go for a quality check, different optimal techniques like Least Squares Circle (LSC), Minimum Circumscribed Circle (MCC), Maximum Inscribed Circle (MIC) and Minimum Zone Circles (MZC) are available internationally to validate the error variations in roundness. This paper focuses on roundness evaluation using nonlinear optimization techniques, for the manufactured components in Wire- EDM. The Computer Aided Inspection (CAI) procedures have gained a prominent role in the field of inspection and evaluation of the manufactured parts. In the recent years, the Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) have gained popularity in automated inspection for both online and offline inspection of manufactured components. Present comparison of practical components inspection by CMM with optimal methods.